Fig. 7.

Luteolin-resistant PEDV is generated after 10 passages. A Scheme showing the selection of a luteolin-resistant PEDV mutant virus. P1–P3 passages were subjected to 12.5 μM luteolin, P4–P6 to 25 μM luteolin, and P7–P10 to 50 μM luteolin. B Resistance analysis. Vero cells were infected with P10 mock-treated or luteolin treated virus at MOI = 0.05 for 1 h followed by 48 h incubation in media plus 50 μM luteolin or DMSO (negative control). Viral titers were quantified by TCID₅₀ assays and resistance quantified by comparing viral titers between luteolin-treated and luteolin untreated infections. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation from three independent experiments. ns: non-significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001