Table 4.
Potential causal associations of DM and BG-related indexes with epilepsy.
| Variables | Methods | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epilepsy | |||
| T1DM | MR-Egger | 1.054 (1.016–1.093) | 0.0092 |
| Weighted median | 1.050 (1.017–1.084) | 0.0025 | |
| IVW | 1.057 (1.031–1.084) | 1.23 ×10−5 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.027 (1.007–1.047) | 0.0076 | |
| T2DM | MR-Egger | 0.971 (0.788–1.196) | 0.7800 |
| Weighted median | 1.117 (0.981–1.273) | 0.0957 | |
| IVW | 1.022 (0.941–1.110) | 0.6052 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.014 (0.937–1.097) | 0.7287 | |
| Fasting glucose | MR-Egger | 0.724 (0.417–1.257) | 0.2565 |
| Weighted median | 0.941 (0.616–1.438) | 0.7789 | |
| IVW | 1.015 (0.777–1.326) | 0.9147 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.139 (0.905–1.432) | 0.2671 | |
| HbAlc | MR-Egger | 0.981 (0.466–2.066) | 0.9606 |
| Weighted median | 0.840 (0.486–1.454) | 0.5340 | |
| IVW | 0.868 (0.616–1.223) | 0.4185 | |
| MR-RAPS | 0.952 (0.682–1.330) | 0.7741 | |
| Focal epilepsy | |||
| T1DM | MR-Egger | 1.038 (0.945–1.140) | 0.4480 |
| Weighted median | 1.070 (0.987–1.159) | 0.0986 | |
| IVW | 1.041 (0.977–1.108) | 0.2142 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.044 (0.993–1.096) | 0.0892 | |
| T2DM | MR-Egger | 0.808 (0.492–1.325) | 0.4006 |
| Weighted median | 0.991 (0.723–1.358) | 0.9536 | |
| IVW | 1.034 (0.839–1.273) | 0.7562 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.059 (0.867–1.293) | 0.5736 | |
| Fasting glucose | MR-Egger | 0.516 (0.103–2.596) | 0.4258 |
| Weighted median | 0.812 (0.279–2.360) | 0.7015 | |
| IVW | 1.224 (0.551–2.720) | 0.6198 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.126 (0.632–2.008) | 0.6872 | |
| HbAlc | MR-Egger | 1.033 (0.186–5.731) | 0.9708 |
| Weighted median | 0.679 (0.175–2.637) | 0.5755 | |
| IVW | 0.829 (0.349–1.971) | 0.6720 | |
| MR-RAPS | 0.932 (0.401–2.166) | 0.8692 | |
| Generalized epilepsy | |||
| T1DM | MR-Egger | 1.020 (0.949–1.097) | 0.5881 |
| Weighted median | 1.057 (0.998–1.119) | 0.0568 | |
| IVW | 1.066 (1.018–1.116) | 0.0063 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.032 (0.996–1.069) | 0.0854 | |
| T2DM | MR-Egger | 0.929 (0.649–1.330) | 0.6897 |
| Weighted median | 1.026 (0.795–1.323) | 0.8460 | |
| IVW | 1.074 (0.924–1.249) | 0.3513 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.048 (0.907–1.211) | 0.5250 | |
| Fasting glucose | MR-Egger | 0.806 (0.298–2.176) | 0.6718 |
| Weighted median | 1.282 (0.563–2.919) | 0.5541 | |
| IVW | 1.235 (0.757–2.014) | 0.3973 | |
| MR-RAPS | 1.333 (0.876–2.028) | 0.1796 | |
| HbAlc | MR-Egger | 1.527 (0.416–5.601) | 0.5259 |
| Weighted median | 1.260 (0.464–3.421) | 0.6497 | |
| IVW | 0.783 (0.418–1.466) | 0.4447 | |
| MR-RAPS | 0.951 (0.516–1.753) | 0.8723 | |
DM, diabetes mellitus; BG, blood glucose; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; MR, Mendelian randomization; IVW, inverse variance weighted; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbAlc, glycated hemoglobin. Bold values represented the causal association between exposure and outcome is statistically significant.