Table 2.
Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in Students Stratified by Epidemic-Related Factors.
| Variables | Lifetime Suicidal Ideation | 12-month Suicidal Ideation or Suicide Attempts | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N (%) |
No N (%) |
χ2 | P | Suicidal Ideation N (%) |
Suicide Attempts N (%) |
No | χ2 | P | |
| Overall | 21292 (25.7) | 61581 (74.3) | 10382 (12.5) | 1123 (1.4) | 9787 (11.8) | ||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 6941 (19.6) | 28445 (80.4) | 1194.656 | 0.000 | 3215 (9.1) | 286 (0.8) | 3440 (9.7) | 67.534 | 0.000 |
| Female | 14351 (30.2) | 33136 (69.8) | 7167 (15.1) | 837 (1.8) | 6347 (13.4) | ||||
| Registered residence | |||||||||
| Rural area | 17062 (25.2) | 50678 (74.8) | 49.523 | 0.000 | 8358 (12.3) | 875 (1.3) | 7829 (11.6) | 4.486 | 0.106 |
| Urban area | 4230 (28.0) | 10903 (72.0) | 2024 (13.4) | 248 (1.6) | 1958 (12.9) | ||||
| School type | |||||||||
| Middle school | 5121 (21.2) | 19036 (78.8) | 449.104 | 0.000 | 2760 (11.4) | 428 (1.8) | 1933 (8.0) | 634.731 | 0.000 |
| High school | 10430 (28.9) | 25681 (71.1) | 5416 (15.0) | 534 (1.5) | 4480 (12.4) | ||||
| College or University | 5741 (25.4) | 16864 (74.6) | 2206 (9.8) | 161 (0.7) | 3374 (14,9) | ||||
| Accommodation Type | |||||||||
| Day pupil | 2479 (23.1) | 8252 (76.9) | 43.384 | 0.000 | 1326 (12.4) | 169 (1.6) | 984 (9.2) | 55.307 | 0.000 |
| Boarders at school | 18629 (26.1) | 52799 (74.0) | 8977 (12.6) | 938 (1.3) | 8714 (12.2) | ||||
| Other | 184 (25.8) | 530 (74.2) | 79 (11.1) | 16 (2.2) | 89 (12.5) | ||||
| Love situation | |||||||||
| Not in a romantic relationship |
18749 (25.2) | 55693 (74.8) | 196.605 | 0.000 | 9203 (12.4) | 958 (1.3) | 8588 (11.5) | 45.189 | 0.000 |
| Having a boyfriend | 1568 (33.8) | 3068 (66.2) | 720 (15.5) | 85 (1.8) | 763 (16.5) | ||||
| Having a girlfriend | 775 (24.2) | 2434 (75.8) | 363 (11.3) | 51 (1.6) | 361 (11.2) | ||||
| Other | 200 (34.1) | 385 (65.7) | 96 (16.4) | 29 (4.9) | 75 (12.8) | ||||
| Family economic level | |||||||||
| Higher than local average | 537 (30.2) | 1240 (69.8) | 173.840 | 0.000 | 262 (14.7) | 32 (1.8) | 243 (13.7) | 1.895 | 0.755 |
| Local average | 13140 (24.2) | 41046 (75.8) | 6392 (11.8) | 676 (1.2) | 6072 (11.2) | ||||
| Below local average | 7615 (28.3) | 19295 (71.7) | 3728 (13.9) | 415 (1.5) | 3472 (12.9) | ||||
| Parental marriage | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 388 (27.5) | 1022 (72.5) | 366.983 | 0.000 | 216 (15.3) | 19 (1.3) | 153 (10.9) | 111.556 | 0.000 |
| Married | 16280 (24.3) | 50668 (75.7) | 7697 (11.5) | 798 (1.2) | 7785 (11.6) | ||||
| Divorce | 2333 (31.0) | 5192 (69.0) | 1221 (16.2) | 139 (1.8) | 973 (12.9) | ||||
| Remarried | 1804 (32.3) | 3782 (67.7) | 983 (17.6) | 130 (2.3) | 691 (12.4) | ||||
| Other | 487 (34.7) | 917 (65.3) | 265 (18.9) | 37 (2.6) | 185 (13.2) | ||||
| Parenting style | |||||||||
| Authoritative pattern | 9010 (20.0) | 36110 (80.0) | 2214.885 | 0.000 | 3971 (8.8) | 394 (0.9) | 4645 (10.3) | 243.251 | 0.000 |
| Autocratic pattern | 6021 (32.4) | 12572 (67.6) | 3174 (17.1) | 356 (1.9) | 2491 (13.4) | ||||
| Neglective pattern | 2731 (42.8) | 3647 (57.2) | 1494 (23.4) | 196 (3.1) | 1041 (16.3) | ||||
| Submissive pattern | 3530 (27.6) | 9252 (72.4) | 1743 (13.6) | 177 (1.4) | 1610 (12.6) | ||||
| Have you been infected with COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Yes | 9962 (30.0) | 23352 (70.1) | 517.434 | 0.000 | 4980 (14.9) | 539 (1.6) | 4443 (13.3) | 14.068 | 0.001 |
| No | 11330 (22.9) | 38229 (77.1) | 5402 (10.9) | 584 (1.2) | 5344 (10.8) | ||||
| Quarantine time | |||||||||
| 0 days | 14099 (24.0) | 44540 (76.0) | 372.587 | 0.000 | 6815 (11.6) | 739 (1.3) | 6545 (11.2) | ||
| <7 days | 2949 (28.0) | 7587 (72.0) | 1438 (48.8) | 144 (4.9) | 1367 (46.4) | 15.906 | 0.014 | ||
| 7–14 days | 3073 (29.6) | 7385 (70.4) | 1575 (50.7) | 160 (5.3) | 1338 (44.0) | ||||
| >14 days | 1171 (36.1) | 2069 (63.9) | 554 (47.3) | 80 (6.8) | 537 (45.9) | ||||
| How did you study at home during the COVID-19 | |||||||||
| No learning | 888 (38.0) | 1447 (62.0) | 1054.974 | 0.000 | 501 (21.5) | 47 (2.0) | 340 (14.6) | 26.789 | 0.000 |
| Occasional learning | 12298 (29.7) | 29056 (70.3) | 5996 (14.5) | 668 (1.6) | 5634 (13.6) | ||||
| Regular learning | 8106 (20.7) | 31078 (79.3) | 3885 (9.9) | 408 (1.0) | 3813 (9.7) | ||||
| Academic during the COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Academic progress | 2636 (17.1) | 12779 (82.9) | 1141.295 | 0.000 | 1284 (8.3) | 110 (0.7) | 1242 (8.1) | 9.466 | 0.050 |
| Almost no impact | 7835 (24.1) | 24642 (75.9) | 3780 (11.6) | 423 (1.3) | 3632 (11.2) | ||||
| Academic decline | 10821 (30.9) | 24160 (69.1) | 5318 (15.2) | 590 (1.7) | 4913 (14.0) | ||||
| Academic satisfaction | |||||||||
| Extremely satisfied | 1027 (18.2) | 4612 (81.8) | 2738.795 | 0.000 | 529 (9.4) | 36 (0.6) | 462 (8.2) | 311.909 | 0.000 |
| Satisfied | 2161 (15.9) | 11456 (84.1) | 901 (6.6) | 85 (0.6) | 1175 (8.6) | ||||
| General Satisfied | 11820 (24.8) | 35884 (75.2) | 5520 (11.6) | 575 (1.2) | 5725 (12.0) | ||||
| Dissatisfied | 4759 (36.7) | 8197 (63.3) | 2504 (19.3) | 290 (2.2) | 1965 (15.2) | ||||
| Extremely dissatisfied | 1525 (51.6) | 1432 (48.4) | 928 (31.4) | 137 (4.6) | 460 (15.5) | ||||
| Did your study returned to normal status | |||||||||
| No recovery | 3374 (37.6) | 5603 (62.4) | 1240.442 | 0.000 | 1875 (20.9) | 227 (2.5) | 1272 (14.2) | 135.505 | 0.000 |
| Partial recovery | 14878 (26.2) | 41883 (73.8) | 7165 (12.6) | 759 (1.3) | 6954 (12.3) | ||||
| Full recovery | 3040 (17.7) | 14095 (82.3) | 1342 (7.8) | 137 (0.8) | 1561 (9.1) | ||||
| Have you actively learned about mental health related knowledge after the pandemic | |||||||||
| Yes | 12333 (24.4) | 38122 (75.6) | 105.354 | 0.000 | 5896 (11.7) | 573 (1.1) | 5864 (11.6) | 43.347 | 0.000 |
| No | 8959 (27.6) | 23459 (72.4) | 4486 (13.8) | 550 (1.7) | 3923 (12.1) | ||||
| Does the pandemic have an impact on your further study and employment | |||||||||
| No impact | 4094 (19.9) | 16429 (80.1) | 786.477 | 0.000 | 1959 (9.5) | 188 (0.9) | 1947 (9.5) | 81.566 | 0.000 |
| Minor impact | 8634 (25.3) | 25480 (74.7) | 4033 (11.8) | 434 (1.3) | 4167 (12.2) | ||||
| Significant impact | 4753 (30.9) | 10607 (69.1) | 2369 (15.4) | 261 (1.7) | 2123 (13.8) | ||||
| Serious impact | 1457 (35.3) | 2667 (64.7) | 801 (19.4) | 103 (2.5) | 553 (13.4) | ||||
| Unclear | 2354 (26.9) | 6398 (73.1) | 1220 (13.9) | 137 (1.6) | 997 (11.4) | ||||
| Worry about being infected | |||||||||
| Not worried | 6167 (29.3) | 14889 (70.7) | 316.540 | 0.000 | 3161 (15.0) | 372 (1.8) | 2634 (12.5) | 86.429 | 0.000 |
| A little worried | 11642 (23.6) | 37629 (76.4) | 5430 (11.0) | 547 (1.1) | 5665 (11.5) | ||||
| Quite worried | 2345 (26.3) | 6580 (73.7) | 1181 (13.2) | 130 (1.5) | 1034 (11.6) | ||||
| Extremely worried | 1138 (31.4) | 2483 (68.6) | 610 (16.8) | 74 (2.0) | 454 (12.5) | ||||
| Depression Symptoms | |||||||||
| No depression | 7390 (14.4) | 43919 (85.6) | 10543.520 | 0.000 | 2400 (4.7) | 170 (0.3) | 4820 (9.4) | 2709.652 | 0.000 |
| Mild depression | 6339 (35.6) | 11453 (64.4) | 3105 (17.5) | 231 (1.3) | 3003 (16.9) | ||||
| Moderate depression | 3508 (52.6) | 3166 (47.4) | 2123 (31.8) | 213 (3.2) | 1172 (17.6) | ||||
| Severe depression | 4055 (57.1) | 3043 (42.9) | 2754 (38.8) | 509 (7.2) | 792 (11.2) | ||||
| Anxiety Symptoms | |||||||||
| No anxiety | 9324 (16.5) | 47158 (83.5) | 9000.168 | 0.000 | 3271 (5.8) | 263 (0.5) | 5790 (10.3) | 2596.000 | 0.000 |
| Mild anxiety | 6756 (40.0) | 10154 (60.0) | 3683 (21.8) | 272 (1.6) | 2801 (16.6) | ||||
| Moderate anxiety | 3285 (48.9) | 3433 (51.1) | 2142 (31.9) | 255 (3.8) | 888 (13.2) | ||||
| Severe anxiety | 1927 (69.7) | 836 (30.3) | 1286 (46.5) | 333 (12.1) | 308 (11.1) | ||||
| Social support | |||||||||
| Low-level | 1573 (36.9) | 2691 (63.1) | 345.745 | 0.000 | 1001 (23.5) | 94 (2.2) | 478 (11.2) | 583.725 | 0.000 |
| Medium-level | 19405 (25.3) | 57438 (74.7) | 9242 (12.0) | 1015 (1.3) | 9148 (11.9) | ||||
| High-level | 314 (17.8) | 1452 (82.2) | 139 (7.9) | 14 (0.8) | 161 (9.1) | ||||