FIGURE 6.

Construction and validation of the prognostic model. (A) Development of the prognostic model utilizing 10 machine learning approaches, with the concordance index (C‐index) serving as the evaluation metric; the CoxBoost and plsRcox algorithms were identified as the superior composite prognostic model (CPM). (B–H) Survival curves for patients categorized into high versus low CPM groups across seven cohorts, with p‐values determined using the log‐rank method to assess statistical significance. (I) Calculation of CPM scores within the immunotherapy cohort using the model's formula, followed by an assessment of their prognostic relevance.