Table 2.
Participating patient characteristics at baseline
| Characteristic | Intervention (n = 302) | Control (n = 227) | Total (n = 529) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean baseline depression score on the BDI-II (SD) | 24.1 (8.89) | 22.4 (9.52) | 23.4 (9.2) |
|
| |||
| Mean baseline anxiety score on the GAD-7 (SD) | 12.8 (5.31) | 11.8 (5.58) | 12.4 (5.45) |
|
| |||
| Mean baseline quality-of-life score on the EQ-5D-5L (SD) | 0.659 (0.232) | 0.667 (0.226) | 0.663 (0.230) |
|
| |||
| Mean duration of depression in years (SD) | 3.4 (5.13) | 2.6 (5.56) | 3.1 (5.33) |
|
| |||
| Previous depression, n (%) | |||
| None | 87 (28.8) | 46 (20.3) | 133 (25.1) |
| Once before | 79 (26.2) | 62 (27.3) | 141 (26.7) |
| Twice or more before | 135 (44.7) | 119 (52.4) | 254 (48.0) |
|
| |||
| Female, n (%) (Self-declared gender) | 192 (63.6) | 136 (59.9) | 328 (62.0) |
|
| |||
| Mean age in years at baseline (SD) | 45.2 (15.94) | 45.0 (17.17) | 45.1 (16.46) |
|
| |||
| Ethnic group, n (%) | |||
| White | 255 (84.4) | 193 (85.0) | 448 (84.9) |
| Black Caribbean | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) |
| Black African | 3 (1.0) | 4 (1.8) | 7 (1.3) |
| Black other | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Indian | 13 (4.3) | 4 (1.8) | 17 (3.2) |
| Pakistani | 6 (2.0) | 4 (1.8) | 10 (1.9) |
| Bangladeshi | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) |
| Chinese | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.3) | 7 (1.3) |
| Other Asian group | 5 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) | 8 (1.5) |
| Other ethnic group | 12 (4.0) | 12 (5.3) | 24 (4.5) |
|
| |||
| Socioeconomic position, n (%) | |||
| Full-time work | 140 (46.4) | 113 (49.8) | 253 (47.8) |
| Part-time work | 55 (18.2) | 28 (12.3) | 83 (15.7) |
| Permanently sick or disabled | 5 (1.7) | 6 (2.6) | 11 (2.1) |
| Unemployed | 36 (11.9) | 18 (7.9) | 54 (10.2) |
| Retired | 33 (10.9) | 31 (13.7) | 64 (12.1) |
| Student | 8 (2.6) | 12 (5.3) | 20 (3.8) |
| Homemaker | 5 (1.7) | 4 (1.8) | 9 (1.7) |
| Voluntary work | 6 (2.0) | 4 (1.8) | 10 (1.9) |
| Other | 14 (4.6) | 11 (4.8) | 25 (4.7) |
|
| |||
| Accommodation, n (%) | |||
| Owner-occupied | 142 (47.0) | 106 (46.7) | 248 (46.9) |
| Council or housing association | 39 (12.9) | 20 (8.8) | 59 (11.2) |
| Private rental | 71 (23.5) | 57 (25.1) | 128 (24.2) |
| Job related | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) |
| Lives with parents | 40 (13.2) | 34 (15.0) | 74 (14.0) |
| Other | 8 (2.6) | 9 (4.0) | 17 (3.2) |
|
| |||
| Highest educational qualification,a n (%) | |||
| None | 26 (8.6) | 20 (8.8) | 46 (8.7) |
| CSE or NVQ Level 1 | 22 (7.3) | 3 (1.3) | 25 (4.7) |
| GCSE or O Level | 49 (16.2) | 33 (14.5) | 82 (15.5) |
| A Level or BTEC | 54 (17.9) | 41 (18.1) | 95 (18.0) |
| HNC, HND or City & Guilds | 24 (8.0) | 16 (7.0) | 40 (7.6) |
| Degree or higher degree | 111 (36.8) | 90 (39.6) | 201 (38.0) |
| Vocational qualification | 8 (2.6) | 14 (6.2) | 22 (4.2) |
| Other | 5 (1.7) | 8 (3.5) | 13 (2.5) |
|
| |||
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 119 (39.4) | 83 (36.6) | 202 (38.2) |
| Cohabiting | 26 (8.6) | 26 (11.5) | 52 (9.8) |
| Widowed | 10 (3.3) | 10 (4.4) | 20 (3.8) |
| Separated | 11 (3.6) | 6 (2.6) | 17 (3.2) |
| Divorced | 25 (8.3) | 13 (5.7) | 38 (7.2) |
| Single | 111 (36.8) | 89 (39.2) | 200 (37.8) |
|
| |||
| Number of dependants in the household, n (%) | |||
| None | 174 (57.6) | 151 (66.5) | 325 (61.4) |
| 1 | 43 (14.2) | 34 (15.0) | 77 (14.6) |
| 2 | 56 (18.5) | 26 (11.5) | 82 (15.5) |
| 3 | 15 (5.0) | 11 (4.8) | 26 (4.9) |
| 4 | 9 (3.0) | 3 (1.3) | 12 (2.3) |
| 5 | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |
CSE is the Certificate of Secondary Education, a qualification in a specific subject formerly taken by school students aged 14–16 years, at a level below O (Ordinary) level. Both the CSE and O level were replaced in 1988 by the GCSE, or General Certificate of Secondary Education. NVQ Level 1 is the first level National Vocational Qualification, a work-based job-specific qualification. A Level is the Advanced secondary education qualification in a specific subject taken by school students aged 17–19 years. BTEC is the Business and Technology Education Council certificate work-based vocational qualification taken after secondary school for aged >16 years. HNC (Higher National Certificate), HND (Higher National Diploma), and City & Guilds are more advanced vocational qualifications. BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition. GAD-7 = Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment. SD = standard deviation. NB: Where the values do not add up to the total n followed up, it is because some patients did not answer all questions and therefore there are missing values for some items.