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. 2023 Nov 25;118(3):209–231. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2285187

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

S. aureus mechanisms to initiate systematic infections. When S. aureus penetrates ‎the skin’s natural defenses or spread through a biofilm that might develop on indwelling ‎medical equipment, systemic infection is commonly the result. By actively attacking and ‎killing immune cells like neutrophils in the circulation with cytolytic toxins, the bacteria can ‎also remain in these cells and spread throughout the body, the bacteria can also spread through ‎the bloodstream and invade more cells. Many bacterial factors, including particular surface ‎proteins, toxins, exoenzymes and other compounds, can affect the development of an abscess ‎later on [1]. ‎.