Table S3.

Evaluation of publication bias using Egger's Test and Trim and Fill method

		Egger's		Trim and fill method
Subgroup	No. of studies in each subgroup	intercept	p-value	Number of trimmed studies	Adjusted pooled RR (After trim)	p-value
Total (No subgrouping)	42	8.69	0.005	0	1.40 [1.29, 1.52]	< 0.001
Temporal lag
≤ 7	14	7.95	0.126	0	1.31 [1.11, 1.55]	0.002
> 7	28	8.96	0.029	14	0.98 [0.79, 1.20]	< 0.001
Resolution
Monthly	17	-15.72	0.010	0	1.61 [1.30, 1.92]	< 0.001
Weekly	10	4.67	0.022	2	1.06 [0.99, 1.14]	< 0.001
Daily	15	2.83	0.652	0	1.32 [1.11, 1.56]	< 0.001
Climate group
Subtropical	16	-0.14	0.954	0	1.27 [1.13, 1.43]	< 0.001
Tropical	13	19.63	0.043	7	1.05 [0.78, 1.33]	< 0.001
Temperate	13	10.09	0.102	0	1.20 [1.11, 1.31]	< 0.001
Type of diarrhea
Watery	19	13.90	0.046	9	0.916 [0.76, 1.08]	< 0.001
Bacillary dysentery	10	-14.02	0.102	0	1.36 [1.07, 1.74]	0.01
Bacillary dysentery + Watery	8	5.09	0.176	0	1.53 [1.29, 1.81]	< 0.001
Dysentery	1	-	-	-	-	-
Dysentery + Watery	4	-0.64 0.060		0	1.21 [1.07, 1.36]	0.003
Statistical model
DLNM	7	4.55	0.194	0	1.45 [1.23, 1.70]	< 0.001
GAMM	11	-5.64	0.442	0	1.38 [1.22, 1.56]	< 0.001
GLM	11	12.94	0.383	0	1.43 [1.14, 1.79]	0.002
GLMM	2	-200.00	-	0	1.03 [1.01, 1.05]	0.002
Other	11	-5.46	0.057	0	1.47 [1.13, 1.91]	0.004
Type of study
Case-control	2	-200.00	-	0	2.29 [2.20, 2.38]	< 0.001
Cohort	3	-6.53	0.644	0	2.29 [1.95, 2.69]	< 0.001
Cross-sectional	4	13.11	0.029	1	1.10 [0.88, 1.34]	< 0.001
Spatial ecology	2	-2.53	-	0	1.03 [1.01, 1.05]	0.002
Time-series	31	5.84	0.011	13	0.95 [0.84, 1.07]	< 0.001
HDI level
Medium	10	10.03	0.167	0	1.38 [1.21, 1.57]	< 0.001
High	32	1.52	0.721	0	1.39 [1.23, 1.59]	< 0.001

HDI: Human Development Index, RR: Relative Risk, CIs: Confidence Intervals, DLNM: Distributed Lag Non-linear Models, GAMM: Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape, GLM: Generalized Linear Models, GLMM: Generalized Linear Mixed Models