Table 4. Logistic regression analysis evaluating the association between the participants’ clinical characteristics and the presence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
| Variables | Presence of DR | P |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin use | 3.63 (1.89-7.00) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes duration | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | <0.01 |
| GFR | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.62 |
| HbA1c | 1.09 (0.97-1.23) | 0.14 |
| UAC | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.08 |
Abbreviations: GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UAC, urinary albumin concentration (obtained from a single urine sample).