TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 83) | Female (n = 56) | Male (n = 27) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48 (36,58) | 44.5 (34, 54.5) | 52 (38, 62) |
| Postmenopausal (%) | – | 10 (12.9) | – |
| African American origin (%) | 34 (41) | 25 (44.6) | 34 (64.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (24.4, 32.3) | 27.5 (25, 31.5) | 27.4 (24.1, 32.5) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126 (120, 132) | 124 (119, 130.5) | 124 (118, 129) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77 (71, 82) | 76.5 (70, 81) | 74 (70, 81) |
| Muscle Na+ (mmol/L) | 16.6 (14.9, 19.0) | 16.8 (14.7, 19.0) | 16.3 (15.5, 18.9) |
| Skin Na+ (mmol/L) | 12.6 (10.9,16.7) | 12 (10.7, 13.8) | 17 (14.9, 19.9) |
| IMAT (%) | 3.69 (2.80, 5.37) | 3.40 (2.67, 4.86) | 4.38 (3.41, 6.33) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 27.9 (15.5, 52.4) | 36.8 (22.9, 64.0) | 16.7 (8.9, 23.9) |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 18.6 (9.3, 35.5) | 24.2 (12.2, 44.9) | 11.1 (7.3, 23.4) |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.6, 3) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.6) | 1.6 (0.7, 2.4) |
| IL‐6 (pg/mL) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.6) | 1.9 (1, 3.1) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 74.7 (57.9, 116.5) | 70.6 (54.2, 103.2) | 89.0 (61.6, 146.9) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.3 (163.7, 216.7) | 182.1 (165.4, 210.7) | 193.8 (163.3, 217.1) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 108.5 (91.0, 129.6) | 107.5 (85.5, 124.3) | 108.5 (95.3, 140.9) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 55.3 (48.0, 63.9) | 58.3 (50.0, 67.4) | 51.3 (42.4, 55.3) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.85) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.99) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m) | 97.2 (88.1, 107.0) | 97.31 (88.31, 106.19) | 95.1 (88.0, 109.5) |
| GDR (mg/kg/min) | 8.44 (5.95, 11.47) | 8.74 (6.21, 11.53) | 6.85 (4.73, 11.19) |
| Dietary Na+ (mg/day) | 2828 (2183, 3813) | 2768 (2157, 3706) | 2856 (2292, 3917) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDR, glucose disposal rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; IMAT, intermuscular adipose tissue; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.