. 2024 May 31;66(3):493–503. doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e64

Table 5. The effects of CP and AA level on volatile fatty acid in growing pigs (g/kg).

Variable	CP (%)				SEM	p-value
	17.2	15.7
		Lysine (%)
	1.10	1.10	1.15	1.20
Phase 1 (d 14)
Acetic acid	4.15	4.26	4.29	4.26	0.14	0.799
Propionic acid	1.46	1.45	1.50	1.51	0.04	0.485
Butyric acid	1.14	1.15	1.11	1.16	0.03	0.336
Isobutyric acid	0.68	0.61	0.62	0.64	0.03	0.166
Isovaleric acid	0.87	0.76	0.77	0.80	0.04	0.059
Total SCFA	6.75	6.86	6.90	6.92	0.17	0.724
Total BCFA	1.55^a	1.37^b	1.39^b	1.44^ab	0.05	0.009
Total VFA	8.29	8.23	8.29	8.36	0.17	0.880
Phase 2 (d 28)
Acetic acid	4.27	4.22	4.22	4.39	0.13	0.537
Propionic acid	1.54	1.47	1.50	1.49	0.04	0.430
Butyric acid	1.17	1.10	1.11	1.08	0.07	0.602
Isobutyric acid	0.54^a	0.39^b	0.42^b	0.39^b	0.04	< 0.007
Isovaleric acid	0.84^a	0.60^b	0.61^b	0.62^b	0.04	< 0.001
Total SCFA	6.98	6.79	6.84	6.96	0.16	0.584
Total BCFA	1.39^a	0.99^b	1.04^b	1.00^b	0.05	< 0.001
Total VFA	8.37	7.78	7.88	7.97	0.17	0.880
Phase 3 (d 42)
Acetic acid	4.10	4.33	4.18	4.12	0.11	0.175
Propionic acid	1.48	1.49	1.50	1.48	0.05	0.977
Butyric acid	1.10	1.13	1.08	1.13	0.05	0.703
Isobutyric acid	0.55	0.53	0.53	0.52	0.08	0.984
Isovaleric acid	0.70	0.74	0.70	0.73	0.06	0.900
Total SCFA	6.68	6.95	6.76	6.72	0.15	0.316
Total BCFA	1.25	1.27	1.23	1.24	0.13	0.994
Total VFA	7.93	8.22	7.99	7.97	0.19	0.434

^a,b

Means different superscript letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

CP, crude protein; AA, amino acid; SCFA, short chain fatty acid; BCFA, branched chain fatty acid; VFA, volatile fatty acid.