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. 2024 Jun 5;631(8019):67–72. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07513-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a–c, Cross-sectional HAADF-STEM images with progressively magnified views reveal the typical structure of 2D-Mg-intercalated GaN superlattices. The dark lines indicate monoatomic 2D-Mg_i sheets and are perpendicular to the c axis (the [0001] direction). d, An iDPC-STEM image (magnified view of the region in the red box in c) showing the repeating unit structure of the superlattice in which the constituent Ga, N and Mg atoms are clearly visible. e, A schematic of the superlattice structure from d, detailing the positions of the constituent atoms. f, Atomically resolved EDS spectra across a localized portion of superlattices. Intensity peaks indicate the relative positions of the atomic planes for each element. This region is shown in a HAADF-STEM image (top) in which the arrow marks the line-scanning direction. g, Atomically resolved EDS elemental maps for Ga, N and Mg in the same region as f. Scale bars: 10 nm (a); 2 nm (b); 1 nm (c); 500 pm (f, top); 500 pm (g).

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