Table 1.

The main advantages and disadvantages of monitoring tools

Tool	Advantages	Disadvantages
BASDAI	• BASDAI has a user-friendly structure. • BASDAI is widely accepted. • BASDAI allows for a quick evaluation of disease activity.	• BASDAI does not consider healthcare professionals' opinion. • BASDAI is not sensitive enough to detect actual inflammation. • BASDAI lacks objective measures. • BASDAI is subjective.
ASDAS	• ASDAS is a composite index that merges patient-reported outcomes with acute-phase reactants. • ASDAS utilizes a standardized scoring structure. • ASDAS offers a quantitative and objective measurement of disease activity.	• The complexity may be problematic in regular clinical practice. • ASDAS is dependent on laboratory tests.
BASFI	• BASFI is an easily applicable tool. • It is a globally accepted and valid tool. • BASFI shows sensitivity to changes in functional status over time.	• BASFI is based on subjective self-assessment. • BASFI necessitates individuals to recall.
BASMI	• BASMI provides an objective assessment of spinal mobility. • BASMI uses standardized protocol. • BASMI evaluates multiple anatomical locations.	• The assessment is based solely on clinical examination, without the utilization of imaging tools. • BASMI depends on the patient's ability to cooperate. • BASMI may encounter difficulty in detecting minor changes.
ASAS Health Index	• ASAS Health Index provides a comprehensive assessment of health and well-being. • Aside from physical symptoms, the ASAS Health Index covers psychological and social impacts. • ASAS Health Index adheres to the ideals of patient-centered care.	• ASAS Health Index is based on subjective responses. • It requires patients to recall. • It may lack the objectivity.

BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, ASDAS Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, ASAS Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society