Table 3.
Associations of MBG, MAG, and GLI with POD in different subgroups.
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age <65 years old | Age ≥65 years old | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.188 (0.623–2.263) | 0.601 | 1.187 (0.789–1.785) | 0.410 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 3.983 (1.454–10.912) | 0.007 | 3.874 (1.481–10.133) | 0.006 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 3.139 (1.599–6.162) | <0.001 | 1.588 (1.060–2.378) | 0.025 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 2.225 (1.180–4.195) | 0.013 | 1.389 (0.930–2.074) | 0.108 |
| Female | Male | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.584 (0.792–3.169) | 0.193 | 1.016 (0.666–1.550) | 0.942 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 7.077 (1.659–30.195) | 0.008 | 2.628 (1.061–6.509) | 0.037 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 1.274 (0.656–2.477) | 0.474 | 2.055 (1.344–3.141) | <0.001 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 1.054 (0.546–2.034) | 0.876 | 1.716 (1.134–2.596) | 0.011 |
| White | Others | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.200 (0.783–1.840) | 0.402 | 1.202 (0.632–2.286) | 0.575 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 3.135 (1.237–7.944) | 0.016 | 5.672 (1.569–20.503) | 0.008 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 1.934 (1.256–2.977) | 0.003 | 1.423 (0.765–2.646) | 0.265 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 1.660 (1.085–2.540) | 0.020 | 1.160 (0.627–2.147) | 0.635 |
| eGFR ≥ 60 | eGFR < 60 | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.341 (0.873–2.060) | 0.180 | 1.072 (0.561–2.047) | 0.834 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 4.627 (1.720–12.444) | 0.002 | 3.515 (1.043–11.839) | 0.042 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 1.605 (1.055–2.441) | 0.027 | 2.111 (1.098–4.057) | 0.025 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 1.345 (0.893–2.026) | 0.157 | 2.025 (1.041–3.935) | 0.038 |
| INR < 1.5 | INR ≥ 1.5 | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.138 (0.688–1.883) | 0.615 | 1.197 (0.727–1.971) | 0.479 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 4.035 (1.573–10.355) | 0.004 | 1.381 (0.326–5.848) | 0.661 |
| MAG | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≤0.77 | 3.392 (1.980–5.810) | <0.001 | 0.935 (0.569–1.538) | 0.792 |
| >0.77 | ||||
| GLI | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≤2.6 | 2.635 (1.573–4.413) | <0.001 | 0.787 (0.480–1.289) | 0.341 |
| Non-sepsis | Sepsis | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.065 (0.659–1.721) | 0.797 | 1.248 (0.735–2.117) | 0.412 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 2.919 (0.810–10.524) | 0.101 | 3.729 (1.348–10.322) | 0.011 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 1.481 (0.921–2.381) | 0.105 | 2.038 (1.193–3.482) | 0.009 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 1.125 (0.703–1.799) | 0.624 | 1.939 (1.150–3.271) | 0.013 |
| Non-ventilation | Mechanical ventilation | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 1.495 (0.681–3.279) | 0.316 | 1.107 (0.772–1.587) | 0.579 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 7.338 (2.200–24.474) | 0.001 | 5.384 (2.123–13.652) | <0.001 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 1.548 (0.769–3.115) | 0.221 | 2.443 (1.653–3.612) | <0.001 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 1.300 (0.642–2.632) | 0.465 | 1.965 (1.350–2.862) | <0.001 |
| Non-vasopressors | Vasopressors | |||
| MBG | ||||
| No hyperglycemia | Ref | Ref | ||
| Mild hyperglycemia | 9.206 (1.033–82.069) | 0.047 | 1.101 (0.790–1.535) | 0.570 |
| Severe hyperglycemia | 10.282 (0.458–230.850) | 0.142 | 6.141 (3.075–12.262) | <0.001 |
| MAG | ||||
| ≤0.77 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >0.77 | 2.885 (0.566–14.706) | 0.202 | 2.222 (1.577–3.129) | <0.001 |
| GLI | ||||
| ≤2.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >2.6 | 2.900 (0.552–15.242) | 0.209 | 1.879 (1.347–2.620) | <0.001 |
MBG, mean blood glucose; MAG, mean absolute glucose; GLI, glycemic lability index; POD, postoperative delirium; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference.
Age subgroups: adjusted for HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
Gender subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
Race subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
eGFR subgroups: age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
INR subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
Sepsis subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, CKD, mechanical ventilation use, and vasopressor use.
Mechanical ventilation use subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, and vasopressor use.
Vasopressor use subgroups: adjusted for age, HR, SpO2, RDW, hematocrit, eGFR, INR, PT, BUN, bicarbonate, Na, SOFA, CCI, sepsis, CKD, and mechanical ventilation use.
The bold values provided means statistically significant (namely P<0.05).