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. 2024 Jul 3;15:5589. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49443-2

Fig. 6. Trivalent vaccine candidates are highly immunogenic in hamsters.

Fig. 6

A Immunization schedule in hamsters: female hamsters (n = 15) were immunized with 1.2×106 PFU (half S.C. and half I.N.) of TVC-V (rMuV-JL1-WA1, rMuV-JL2-B.1.1.7, and rMeV-WA1), TVC-VI (rMuV-JL1-WA1, rMuV-JL2-B.1.617.2, and rMeV-WA1), rMuV-JL2-B.1.617.2, or MMM vector. Three weeks later, hamsters were boosted with the same vaccine. At weeks 2, 5, and 7, sera (n = 15) were collected for detection of S-specific serum IgG antibodies by ELISA using preS-6P of SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (B), B.1.1.7 (C), B.1.135 (D), B.1.617.2 (E) as the coating antigen. In addition, S-specific serum IgA titer at weeks 5 (F) and 7 (G) was determined by ELISA using preS-6P of SARS-CoV-2 WA1 as the coating antigen. H Serum NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 VoCs. Sera at week 7 were used for a lentivirus-pseudotyped neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (D614G), B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529), or BA.4/5 spike. The 50% neutralization titer (NT50) was calculated for each serum sample. The mean titers of fifteen hamsters (n = 15) ± SD are shown. The limit of detection is indicated by the dotted line. The P-value for TVC-V and TVC-VI vs rMuV-JL2-B.1.617.2 in (B–G) is: B, *P = 0.0389 and *P = 0.0356 (week 2), *P = 0.0389 and *P = 0.0356 (week 5), *P = 0.0389 and *P = 0.0356 (week 7); C, **P = 0.001467 and ***P = 0.000811 (week 2), ****P = 0.00001 and ****P = 0.000007 (week 5), ****P = 1.367 × 10−7 and ****P = 1.367 × 10−7 (week 7); D, **P = 0.003319 and *P = 0.047119 (week 2), ****P = 0.000001 and ****P = 0.00001 (week 5), ****P = 0.000014 and *P = 0.00001 (week 7); E, ***P = 0.000627 and **P = 0.001518 (week 2), ****P = 0.000002 and ***P = 0.000091 (week 5), ****P = 0.000007 and ****P = 0.000005 (week 7); F, ****P = 2.176 × 10−23 and **** P = 2.176 × 10−23 (week 5); G, ****P = 2.176 × 10−23 and ****P = 2.176 × 10−23 (week 7). In H, the P-value for B.1.351, B.1.617.2, Omicron BA.1, and BA.4/5 vs WA1(D614G) in TVC-V is ****P = 3.618 × 10−12; Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 vs WA1(D614G) in TVC-VI is ****P = 0.0005 and ****P = 0.0228, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (ns > 0.05, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).