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. 2024 Jul 3;15:5589. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49443-2

Fig. 9. The preexisting MMM vector immunity does not significantly interfere with SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies induced by a trivalent vaccine.

Fig. 9

A Immunization schedule. Two groups of female hamsters (n = 5) were inoculated S.C. with 1.2 × 106 PFU of MMM vectors (a mixture of rMeV, rMuV-JL1, and rMuV-JL2, 4 × 105 PFU per virus) or DMEM. Three weeks later, both groups were immunized with 1.2 × 106 PFU of TVC-VIII (a mixture of rMeV-WA1 + rMuV-JL1-B.1.617.2 + rMuV-JL2-B.1.1.7, 4 × 105 PFU per virus). At week 5, both groups were boosted with 1.2 × 106 PFU of TVC-VIII. B MuV-specific NAb response measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay. C MeV-specific NAb response measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay. The P-value at weeks 2 and 5 is ****P = 7.874 × 10−6 and ****P = 1.096 × 10−5, respectively. D–F WA1 (D), B.1.617.2 (E), and B.1.1.7 (F) -specific serum IgG titers were measured by ELISA. In E, the P-value at weeks 5 and 7 is ***P = 0.000138 and **P = 0.0079, respectively. In F, the P-value at weeks 5 and 7 is ****P = 2.444 × 10−5 and **P = 0.0032, respectively. MeV NAb, MuV NAb, and IgG titers are the GMT of 5 hamsters (n = 5) ± SD. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (ns > 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001).