Table 1.
Comparison of nanomotor drug delivery systems propelled by exogenous and biohybrid power.
| Type | Power source | Material | Performance in motion/advantage | Safety/limitation | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exogenous power | Electric Fields | Au,TiO2 | Under the influence of external forces, it exhibits excellent directional stability and robust motility. | The intensity of the electric field decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the power source. | [67] |
| Magnetic Fields | Fe | The potential hazards of magnetic metals to the human body. | [68] | ||
| Light | Fe3O4,Cu9S8 | Ultraviolet light is harmful. | [69] | ||
| Thermal | PDA | It may potentially induce thermal damage to surrounding normal tissues. | [70] | ||
| Ultrasound | Perfluorooctyl Bromide | Ultrasound may induce cellular oxidative stress. | [71] | ||
| Biohybrid power | Bacteria | – | Overcoming multidrug resistance. | May elicit an immune response. | [63] |
| Macrophage | – | Targeting inflammatory tissues. | May elicit an immune response. | [64] | |
| Sperm | – | Targeted therapy for ovarian-related cancers. | The lifespan of sperm is relatively short. | [65] |