Table 3.

Characteristics of targeted gray literature included in scoping review

Author	Country	Article type	Objective or aim	Themes discussed
The King’s Fund
Anadaciva (2020) [72]	UK	Blog	To describe approaches to integrated health care and services and highlight questions for healthcare leaders involved in strategic decisions.	• Collaboration and communication
Bailey (2020) [73]	UK	Blog	To explain the psychological needs of healthcare employees in their workplaces and how leaders can best facilitate these needs.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication
Bailey (2021) [74]	UK	Blog	To identify how healthcare leaders can support solution-driven behaviors to excessive workload for healthcare employees.	• Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Collins (2021) [77]	UK	Blog	To describe clinical leadership behaviors that contributed to the rapid planning and re-design of models of care during COVID-19.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Dixon (2018) [79]	UK	Blog	To describe public engagement strategies that can be utilized by healthcare organizations and their leaders to improve future healthcare.	• Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Dougall (2018) [88]	UK	Publication	To describe the strategies for creating transformational change within healthcare with a focus on collaborative leadership styles.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Fogden (2022) [89]	UK	Publication	To describe how data can be leveraged to better understand economic and social population needs, with implications for leadership action.	• Innovation and adaptability
Ham (2018) [90]	UK	Publication	To review health system improvement priorities in the context of health service funding and identify the role of healthcare leaders in actualizing change.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Hancock (2018) [96]	UK	Transcript	To highlight the opportunities for healthcare improvement and the role of system leadership in cultivating improvement.	• Innovation and adaptability
Leveson (2021) [80]	UK	Blog	To describe the development of a trainee leadership board providing leadership training, skill development, and experiential learning.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Self-development and self-awareness
Naylor (2020) [81]	UK	Blog	To explore the requirements of improving health system sustainability including the role of healthcare leaders.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication
Warren (2022) [95]	UK	Multimedia	To examine the role of healthcare leaders in producing compassionate cultures and promoting staff mental health and well-being.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication
Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management (FMLM)
Baird (2020) [97]	UK	Article	To outline the qualities leaders needs to demonstrate, how they deal with challenges, and the supports they need during and after medical training.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Self-development and self-awareness
Bhopal (2018) [75]	UK	Article	To highlight the importance of healthcare leaders familiarizing themselves with fundamental public health principles.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Cheetham (2021) [76]	UK	Article	To examine the importance of junior doctor leadership in the healthcare system during a pandemic, but also thereafter.	• Innovation and adaptability • Self-development and self-awareness
Cottey (2018) [78]	UK	Article	To outline the steps required for leaders to promote teamwork in a healthcare team.	• Collaboration and communication • Self-development and self-awareness
Evans (2020) [92]	UK	Editorial	To promote the FMLM Navigator mobile app, a tool supporting leadership development for medical leaders at various career stages.	• Self-development and self-awareness
FMLM (2019) [83]	UK	News	To explain why leadership is an essential skill for doctors of the future, and how doctors will be expected to act as leaders.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
FMLM (2021) [84]	UK	Article	To demonstrate the value of doctors completing a fellowship and maintaining engagement with alumni to continue their leadership development journeys.	• Innovation and adaptability
FMLM (2021) [85]	UK	Editorial	To describe the leadership required to support workforce wellbeing post-pandemic.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication
FMLM (2022) [86]	UK	News	To reflect on key themes and challenges of future healthcare and leadership from various international perspectives.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Lakhani (2020) [87]	UK	News	To highlight the role of leaders in supporting a diverse workforce and standing for fairness and justice.	• Collaboration and communication
Lakhani (2021) [93]	UK	Editorial	To examine the importance of diversity in medical leadership.	• Innovation and adaptability • Consumer engagement and advocacy
Moralee (2018) [94]	UK	Multimedia	To highlight the need for medical leaders to develop skills to meet the ever-changing needs of patients and healthcare organizations.	• Innovation and adaptability • Collaboration and communication • Self-development and self-awareness
Swanwick (2020) [91]	UK	Resource	To explain the importance of making leadership learning and assessment explicit in the medical undergraduate curriculum.	• Self-development and self-awareness
Tweedie (2018) [82]	UK	Blog	To describe the attributes of outstanding leaders and how these attributes can be applied.	• Innovation and adaptability

Abbreviations: FMLM: Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management; UK: United Kingdom