Table 2.

Types of witnessed abuse

	Verbal abuse (n = 200)		Physical abuse (n = 200)		Outside confrontation (n = 200)
	%	Frequency	%	Frequency	%	Frequency
Witnessed Abuse	68	136	26	51	17	34
Of those that witnessed abused, the abusers were:
Patient	39	53/136	73	37/51	15	5/34
Patient’s family/bystanders	47	93/136	59	30/51	88	30/34
ED staff members	29	39/136	4	2/51	15	5/34
Hospital staff members	7	9/136	2	1/51	9	3/34
Specialists from other departments	14	19/136	1	3/51	9	3/34
Other	6	8/136	8	4/51	6	2/34