Table 2.

The modified drug abuse screening test questionnaire (DAST-SL) and its item responses

Item	Yes		No
	No.	%	No.	%	Mean	SD*	σ²**
1. Do you abuse more than one drug at a time?	121	66.12	62	33.88	0.66	0.48	0.23
2. Are you always able to stop using drugs when you want to?	101	55.19	82	44.81	0.45	0.50	0.25
3. Have you had “blackouts” or “flashbacks” as a result of drug use?	75	40.98	108	59.02	0.41	0.49	0.24
4. Do you ever feel bad or guilty about your drug use?	129	70.49	54	29.51	0.70	0.46	0.21
5. Does your spouse (or parents) ever complain about your involvement with drugs?	140	76.50	43	23.50	0.77	0.43	0.18
6. Have you neglected your family because of your use of drugs?	96	52.46	87	47.54	0.52	0.50	0.25
7. Have you engaged in illegal activities in order to obtain drugs? (e.g. theft, fraud, prostitution)	70	38.25	113	61.75	0.38	0.48	0.24
8. Have you ever experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped taking drugs? (e.g. headaches, dizziness, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach aches, tremors, muscle aches, sweating)	110	60.11	73	39.89	0.60	0.49	0.24
9. Have you had medical problems as a result of your drug use (e.g. memory loss, hepatitis, convulsions, bleeding, etc.)?	38	20.77	145	79.23	0.21	0.41	0.17

*Standard Deviation

** Variance