Table 4.
Prediction of Fourier-transform infrared spectrum peaks of stingless bee honey from West Sumatra
| Apis cerana | Heterotrigona itama | Geniotrigona thoracica | Kelulut matahari | Functional group | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 768 | 767 | − | − | Anomeric region of carbohydrate | Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 815 | − | 818,915 | − | C-H bending (carbohydrate) | Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 1,030 | 1,029 | 1,026 | 1,028 | C-O stretching | Subari et al. (2012) |
| 1,251 | 1,254 | 1,260 | 1,254 | C-O stretching (C-OH group) in carbohydrate structure | Tewari and Irudayaraj (2004); Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 1,351 | 1,353 | − | 1,352 | O-H bending on the C-OH group | Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 1,416 | 1,416 | 1,419 | 1,415 | Combination of O-H bending from the C-OH group and C-H bending of alkenes | Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 1,643 | 1,643 | 1,643 | 1,642 | H-O-H bending vibration | Nayik et al. (2019) |
| 2,931 | 2,934 | 2,937 | 2,934 | C-H stretching (carboxylic acids) and NH3 stretching band (free amino acids) | Gallardo-Velázquez et al. (2009) |
| 3,270 | 3,269 | 3,269 | 3,272 | C-H stretching (carboxylic acids) and NH3 stretching band (free amino acids) |