Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included individuals.
| Overall cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Surveillance (n = 235) | Sx (n = 184) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 0.71 | ||
| 75–80 | 166 (70.6%) | 133 (72.3%) | |
| ≥ 80 | 69 (29.4%) | 51 (27.7%) | |
| Gender (Male) | 137 (58.3%) | 128 (69.6%) | 0.018 |
| ECOG | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 | 185 (78.7%) | 112 (60.9%) | |
| ≥ 1 | 50 (21.3%) | 72 (39.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 89 (37.9%) | 76 (41.3%) | 0.48 |
| Hypertension | 145 (61.7%) | 106 (57.6%) | 0.40 |
| CKD | 75 (31.9%) | 59 (32.1%) | 0.97 |
| Etiology | < 0.001 | ||
| HBVa | 77 (32.8%) | 28 (15.2%) | |
| HCV | 72 (30.6%) | 26 (14.1%) | |
| Alcohol | 31 (13.2%) | 38 (20.7%) | |
| Othersb | 55 (23.4%) | 92 (50.0%) | |
| Child–Pugh class | 0.89 | ||
| A | 201 (85.5%) | 155 (84.2%) | |
| B | 31 (13.2%) | 27 (14.7%) | |
| C | 3 (1.3%) | 2 (1.1%) | |
| ALBI grade | 0.58 | ||
| 1 | 152 (64.7%) | 110 (59.8%) | |
| 2 | 78 (33.2%) | 70 (38.0%) | |
| 3 | 5 (2.1%) | 4 (2.2%) | |
| mUICC stage | < 0.001 | ||
| I | 72 (30.6%) | 8 (4.3%) | |
| II | 98 (41.7%) | 64 (34.8%) | |
| III | 50 (21.3%) | 45 (24.5%) | |
| IV-A | 10 (4.3%) | 31 (16.8%) | |
| IV-B | 5 (2.1%) | 36 (19.6%) | |
| Initial treatment (Yes) | 218 (92.8%) | 167 (90.8%) | 0.46 |
| Resection | 66 (28.1%) | 9 (4.9%) | |
| Local ablative therapy | 44 (18.7%) | 45 (24.5%) | |
| Transarterial therapy | 83 (35.3%) | 69 (37.5%) | |
| Systemic therapy | 7 (3.0%) | 26 (14.1%) | |
| Combination of two locoregional therapiesc | 14 (6.0%) | 5 (2.7%) | |
| Othersd | 4 (1.7%) | 13 (7.1%) | |
| Lab | |||
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.05 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 36 (27–54) | 45 (30–69) | < 0.001 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 23 (17–33) | 28 (20–44) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.89 (0.74–1.05) | 0.91 (0.76–1.1) | 0.28 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 72 (56–90) | 69 (55–90) | 0.63 |
| α-fetoprotein (ug/mL)e | 9.2 (3.6–44.0) | 35.2 (4.3–719.3) | < 0.001 |
| PIVKA -II (mAU/mL)f | 33 (21–228) | 1725 (78–13,421) | < 0.001 |
Sx, symptom; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; mUICC, modified Union for International Cancer Control; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AFP, α-fetoprotein; PIVKA II, prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence II.
aSix patients with both HBV and HCV as the cause of HCC were included in HBV.
bOthers included non-hepatitis B-non hepatitis C (NBNC), autoimmune hepatitis, cryptogenic.
ctransarterial plus ablation (n = 10), transarteral plus radiation therapy (n = 7), or transarteral plus proton therapy (n = 2).
dOthers included radiation therapy (n = 11) or intrahepatic proton therapy (n = 6).
eA value was missing in 2 patients.
fA value was missing in 38 patients.