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Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of C5–6 primary anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and revision surgery constructs were established. (A) Three-dimensional FE model of primary ACDF, Cage-Cage, ZOP-Cage, and CDA-Cage. Three-dimensional FE model of the cage plus plate (B), ZOP device (C), and Bryan artificial disc (D). ZOP, zeroprofile; CDA, cervical disc arthroplasty.
