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. 2024 Jun 14;10(2):244–254. doi: 10.21037/jss-23-145

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2024 Journal of Spine Surgery. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Relationship between PFA and PI-LL. (A) Normal group. (B) Malalignment group. PFA correlated with PI-LL in both groups. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.51 in the normal group and 0.47 in the malalignment group. PFA: the angle between a line drawn from the midpoint of the bilateral femoral head centers to the midpoint of the sacral endplate, and the proximal femoral shaft axis. PI: the angle between a line perpendicular to the endplate of the sacrum and a line drawn from the midpoint of the bilateral femoral head centers to the midpoint of the sacral endplate. LL: the angle between the upper endplate of L1 and the endplate of the sacrum. PI-LL: the angle defined as PI-LL. PFA, pelvic femoral angle; PI, pelvic incidence; LL, lumbar lordosis.