Table 1.
Demographic comparison between patients with metachronous VO and those without.
| Parameters | PJI with metachronous VO (n = 21) | PJI without metachronous VO (n = 1701) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fundamental information | |||
| Gender distribution (male/female) | 12(57.1%)/9(42.9%) | 993(58.4%)/708(41.6%) | 0.941 |
| Average age (SD) | 70.3 (11.1) | 70.816 (11.2) | 0.961 |
| Mean body mass index (SD) | 24.1 (3.3) | 24.3 (3.2) | 0.549 |
| Serum albumin level (SD) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.8 (0.6) | 0.061 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (SD) | 65.2 (32.1) | 71.2 (34.2) | 0.597 |
| C‐reactive protein level (SD) | 100.1 (67.1) | 91.8 (83.7) | 0.469 |
| Clinical hospitalisation details | |||
| Admittance via emergency room | 13 (61.9) | 201 (11.8) | <0.001* |
| Presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome | 15 (71.4) | 203 (11.9) | <0.001* |
| Positive results in blood cultures | 12 (57.1) | 69 (4.1) | <0.001* |
| Pre‐existing medical conditions | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 3.5 (2.3) | 2.4 (2.1) | 0.163 |
| Prevalence of cancer (%) | 6 (28.6) | 171 (10.1) | 0.132 |
| Incidence of solid tumours (%) | 3 (14.3) | 78 (5.1) | 0.123 |
| Proportion with hypertension (%) | 15 (71.4) | 1092 (64.2) | 0.705 |
| Diabetes incidence (%) | 9 (42.9) | 291 (17.1) | 0.101 |
| Occurrence of liver disease (%) | 9 (42.9) | 459 (27.0) | 0.123 |
| Hepatitis C virus carriers (%) | 9 (42.9) | 108 (6.4) | 0.012* |
| Cases of alcoholism (%) | 3 (14.3) | 75 (4.4) | 0.123 |
| Instances of drug use (%) | 6 (28.6) | 45 (2.6) | <0.001* |
| Renal insufficiency frequency (%) | 3 (14.3) | 96 (5.6) | 0.380 |
| Cardiovascular disease prevalence (%) | 9 (42.9) | 291 (17.1) | 0.123 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 3 (42.9) | 48 (2.8) | <0.001* |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 1 (14.3) | 72 (4.2) | 0.256 |
| Surgical procedure variables | |||
| Duration of surgery (min) (SD) | 135 (40.2) | 133 (48.1) | 0.129 |
| Affected joint | |||
| Hip involvement (%) | 3 (14.3) | 482 (28.3) | 0.123 |
| Knee involvement (%) | 18 (85.7) | 1219 (71.7) | 0.113 |
| Surgical techniques | |||
| Two‐stage resection arthroplasty with mobile spacer (%) | 4 (19.0) | 1407 (82.7) | 0.092 |
| Two‐stage resection arthroplasty with static spacer (%) | 7 (33.3) | 110 (6.4) | 0.012* |
| Three‐stage or more resection arthroplasty (%) | 6 (28.6) | 46 (2.7) | 0.003* |
| Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (%) | 4 (19.0) | 165 (9.7) | 0.136 |
| Necessity of amputation (%) | 3 (14.3) | 52 (3.1) | 0.576 |
| Repeat two‐stage resection arthroplasty (%) | 11 (52.4) | 91 (5.3) | 0.023* |
| Pathogens in PJI | |||
| Cases without cultured pathogens (%) | 10 (42.6) | 385 (22.6) | 0.242 |
| Gram‐positive bacterial infections (%) | 9 (42.9) | 1181 (69.4) | 0.089 |
| Gram‐negative bacterial infections (%) | 1 (4.8) | 119 (7.0) | 0.465 |
| Fungal infections (%) | 5 (23.8) | 46 (2.7) | 0.003* |
| Tuberculosis infections (%) | 1 (4.8) | 22 (1.29) | 0.750 |
| Incidence of polymicrobial infections (%) | 8 (38.1) | 71 (4.2) | <0.001* |
| Methicillin‐resistant | 8 (38.1) | 140 (8.2) | 0.098 |
| Staphylococcus aureus (%) | |||
Abbreviations: PJI, periprosthetic joint infection; VO, vertebral osteomyelitis.
*
p Value < 0.05.