Fig. 2. SEM micrographs along with diameter distribution of electrospun PVDF scaffolds with and without additives: (a) electrospun PVDF scaffold fabricated by DMF/acetone (60 : 40) solution shows non-uniform fibers including spindle shape beads and fibers with the average diameter of 444.4 ± 15.6 nm, (b) PVDF-SDS, electrospun scaffolds with more uniformity of fibers after adding a surfactant and average diameter of 300.6 ± 13.1 nm, (c) electrospun PVDF-SDS-al scaffold comprises defect-free fibers with highly-alignment shows thinner fibers about 328.1 ± 11.1 nm (d) electrospun PVDF made of 100% DMF solution reveals round shape beads and very thin fibers, (e) electrospun PVDF-SDS scaffold made of 100% DMF solution contains fewer beads and more fibrous content (f) PVDF-FAQ(LDLK)3 electrospun scaffold including SAPs reveals defect-free and uniform fibers with average diameter of 361.7 ± 14.7 nm, (g) PVDF-SDS-FAQ(LDLK)3 electrospun scaffold contains SDS and SAPs with very uniform fibers and lowest bead content but higher average diameter 572.3 ± 14.8 nm, (h) Violin plot of the diameter distribution of electrospun scaffolds, (i) porosity and bead content plot, (j) pore size. Scale bars present 20 μm.
