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. 2024 Jul 5;23:62. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01101-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Adjusted risk ratios for the associations between urinary metals concentrations measuring during pregnancy and risk of non-typically developing, relative to typically developing. Antimony, cadmium, chromium, and lead compare over limit of detection vs under the limit of detection for that metal. Remaining metals show risk ratio for a doubling in metal concentration. Analyses were performed stratified by cohort (EARLI and MARBLES) and then meta-analyzed across cohorts. Red/diamond denotes a nominal meta-analysis p-value < 0.05, and orange/square a nominal meta-analysis p-value < 0.10