Fig. 1.

A Progressive motility percent, and other motion kinematic patterns of spermatozoa like B curvilinear velocity (VCL; µm s⁻¹), C straight-line velocity (VSL; µm s⁻¹), D average path velocity (VAP; µm s⁻¹), E linearity (LIN; %), F straightness (STR; %), G wobble (WOB; %), H beat cross frequency (BCF; Hz), and I maximum amplitude of head lateral displacement (maxALH; µm) of spermatozoa following in-vitro exposure to different concentrations of lead acetate (0.5–20 ppm) at 15 min and 3 h. Data presented are mean ± SE of the semen samples of six bucks. Vertical bars represent the standard error (SE). Different superscripts on bars indicate significant (p < 0.05) differences