Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: CA Cancer J Clin. 2023 Feb 24;73(4):425–442. doi: 10.3322/caac.21773

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Example of integrated human-animal co-trials. Parallel trials in human and animal models integrate preclinical and clinical research allowing for concordant biomarker assessment and correlation with cancer development, recurrence, and metastases. GEMMs indicates genetically engineered mouse models.