Table 2.
Cox Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Mortality in the Entire Cohortsa
| Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariable Analysis with Multiple Imputation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Cohort | ||||
| Single-center | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Multicenter | 1.55 (1.50–1.59) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.13–1.20) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 1.22 (1.19–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) | <0.001 |
| Female (vs Male) | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis Bb | 0.77 (0.75–0.80) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 0.003 |
| Hepatitis Cc | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.00–1.11) | 0.04 |
| mUICC staging | ||||
| Stage I | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Stage II | 1.56 (1.47–1.65) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.42–1.58) | <0.001 |
| Stage III | 3.81 (3.60–4.03) | <0.001 | 2.78 (2.62–2.94) | <0.001 |
| Stage IVA | 9.32 (8.76–9.92) | <0.001 | 5.55 (5.20–5.92) | <0.001 |
| Stage IVB | 14.59 (13.67–15.58) | <0.001 | 8.07 (7.54–8.63) | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh class | ||||
| Class A | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Class B | 3.09 (2.99–3.20) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.87–2.01) | <0.001 |
| Class C | 5.05 (4.74–5.37) | <0.001 | 3.12 (2.92–3.34) | <0.001 |
| Type of initial treatment | ||||
| Curatived | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Non-curativee | 3.64 (3.50–3.78) | <0.001 | 2.39 (2.30–2.49) | <0.001 |
| Best supportive care | 12.89 (12.31–13.50) | <0.001 | 5.71 (5.42–6.01) | <0.001 |
| Initial treatment modality | ||||
| Surgical resection | 1 (reference) | |||
| Liver transplantation | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 0.02 | ||
| LAT | 1.43 (1.33–1.54) | <0.001 | ||
| TACE/TARE | 3.55 (3.39–3.72) | <0.001 | ||
| Radiotherapy | 8.75 (7.83–9.78) | <0.001 | ||
| Systemic therapy | 14.82 (13.85–15.85) | <0.001 | ||
| Best supportive care | 14.70 (13.95–15.50) | <0.001 | ||
Notes: aMissing data was imputed. bHepatitis B was defined as any of the following: positive hepatitis B surface antigen, positive viral titer, or previous history of antiviral therapy. cHepatitis C was defined as any of the following: positive hepatitis C antibody, positive viral titer, or previous history of antiviral therapy. dCurative treatment was defined as surgical resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation therapy. eNon-curative treatment was defined as TACE/TARE, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LAT, local ablation therapy; mUICC, modified Union for International Cancer Control; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; TARE, transarterial radioembolization.