Figure 2.

Distribution and characteristics of mitochondrial subpopulations in cardiac muscle fibers. Mitochondria in cardiac muscle fibers include intermyofibrillar (IMF), subsarcolemmal (SSL), and perinuclear (PN) mitochondria. Each has a distinct relative abundance, location within the cardiac muscle cell, and structural features. Characterizing the differences among these mitochondrial subpopulations is crucial to understanding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac diseases and developing targeted therapies to improve cardiac function. Illustration credit: Sceyence Studios.