Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 28 006 participants according to frequency of toothbrushing
| Characteristics | Frequency of toothbrushing |
All | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
≥twice/d
|
once/d
|
<once/d
|
|
|
| Number of participants (%) |
19 559 (69.6) |
8331 (29.6) |
195 (0.7) |
28 006 (100.0) |
- |
| Women, n (%) |
14 710 (75.4) |
5412 (65.2) |
146 (74.9) |
20 268 (72.4) |
<0.001 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) |
61.5 (±7.0) |
63.1 (±7.1) |
65.6 (±7.1) |
62.0 (±7.1) |
0.83 |
| Education level, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
Primary or below
|
7219 (37.0) |
4697 (56.6) |
116 (59.5) |
12 032 (43.0) |
|
|
Middle school
|
10 276 (52.7) |
3142 (37.8) |
67 (34.4) |
13 485 (48.1) |
|
|
College or above
|
2012 (10.3) |
465 (5.6) |
12 (6.1) |
2489 (8.9) |
|
| Occupation, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
Manual
|
8875 (45.5) |
4883 (58.8) |
132 (67.7) |
13 890 (49.6) |
|
|
Non-manual
|
6758 (34.6) |
2233 (26.8) |
50 (25.6) |
9031 (32.2) |
|
|
Others
|
3874 (19.9) |
1198 (14.4) |
13 (6.7) |
5085 (18.2) |
|
| Household income, Yuan/y (1 USD = 7 Yuan), n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
<30 000
|
7062 (36.2) |
3523 (42.4) |
79 (40.5) |
10 664 (38.1) |
|
|
≥30 000
|
8151 (41.8) |
2487 (30.0) |
41 (21.0) |
10 679 (38.1) |
|
|
Unknown
|
4294 (22.0) |
2294 (27.6) |
195 (38.5) |
6 663 (23.8) |
|
| Smoking status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
Never
|
16 394 (84.0) |
6084 (73.3) |
151 (77.4) |
22 629 (80.8) |
|
|
Former
|
1541 (7.9) |
1010 (12.1) |
20 (10.3) |
2571 (9.2) |
|
|
Current
|
1572 (8.1) |
1210 (14.6) |
24 (12.3) |
2806 (10.0) |
|
| Alcohol use, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
Never
|
14 260 (73.1) |
5892 (71.0) |
154 (79.0) |
20 306 (72.5) |
|
|
Former
|
613 (3.1) |
368 (4.4) |
4 (2.0) |
985 (3.5) |
|
|
Current
|
4634 (23.8) |
2044 (24.6) |
37 (19.0) |
6715 (24.0) |
|
| Physical activity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
Inactive
|
1528 (7.8) |
789 (9.5) |
11 (5.6) |
2328 (8.3) |
|
|
Moderate
|
7933 (40.7) |
3612 (43.5) |
78 (40.0) |
11 623 (41.5) |
|
|
Active
|
10 046 (51.5) |
3903 (47.0) |
106 (54.4) |
14 055 (50.2) |
|
| Good self-rated health, n (%) |
16 192 (83.0) |
3315 (80.2) |
172 (88.2) |
23 020 (82.2) |
<0.001 |
| Frequency of gum bleeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rarely/occasionally
|
17 642 (90.4) |
7616 (91.7) |
192 (98.5) |
25 450 (90.9) |
|
|
Sometimes
|
1550 (8.0) |
563 (6.8) |
2 (1.0) |
2115 (7.5) |
|
|
Often
|
315 (1.6) |
125 (1.5) |
1 (0.5) |
441 (1.6) |
|
| Number of missing teeth |
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
|
0
|
4952 (25.4) |
1992 (24.0) |
33 (16.9) |
6977 (24.9) |
|
|
1–14
|
11 546 (59.2) |
4515 (54.4) |
103 (52.8) |
16 164 (57.7) |
|
|
15–28
|
1784 (9.1) |
1052 (12.7) |
26 (13.3) |
2862 (10.2) |
|
|
>28
|
231 (1.2) |
120 (1.4) |
5 (2.6) |
356 (1.3) |
|
| Edentulous | 994 (5.1) | 625 (7.5) | 28 (14.4) | 1647 (5.9) | |
SD – standard deviation, USD – US dollar