Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the cancer survivors (aged≥18 years) by poverty-income-ratio (NHANES 2003–2014).
| Total | Poverty-income ratioa | P-valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest tertile | Middle tertile | Highest tertile | |||
| Unweighted sample size (n) | 2,464 | 821 | 815 | 828 | |
| Weighted population size (N) | 12,583,919 | 2,836,361 | 3,943,044 | 5,804,515 | |
| Weighted population prevalence (%)c | 7.91 (7.48, 8.33) | 1.78 (1.57, 1.99) | 2.48 (2.26, 2.69) | 3.65 (3.33, 3.96) | |
| Average follow-up years | 5.94 (5.81, 6.07) | 5.67 (5.46, 5.88) | 5.96 (5.73, 6.19) | 6.18 (5.96, 6.40) | < .001 |
| Unweighted deaths (n) | 527 | 212 | 207 | 108 | |
| Age (years) | 61.85 (61.05, 62.64) | 60.92 (59.39, 62.44) | 64.79 (63.37, 66.21) | 60.3 (59.27, 61.33) | < .001 |
| Years since first diagnosed with cancer | 11.34 (10.72, 11.97) | 11.32 (10.50, 12.15) | 11.81 (10.90, 12.73) | 11.03 (10.04, 12.03) | < .001 |
| Sex (%) | < .001 | ||||
| Male | 42.44 (40.3, 44.58) | 28.38 (24.61, 32.16) | 43.82 (40.58, 47.06) | 48.37 (44.67, 52.08) | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | < .001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 88.3 (86.64, 89.97) | 79.21 (75.58, 82.83) | 87.60 (84.73, 90.46) | 93.23 (91.66, 94.79) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 5.28 (4.24, 6.32) | 9.63 (7.14, 12.12) | 6.39 (4.70, 8.09) | 2.40 (1.70, 3.09) | |
| Mexican | 2.02 (1.31, 2.73) | 4.89 (2.76, 7.02) | 1.85 (0.95, 2.75) | 0.72 (0.31, 1.14) | |
| Others | 4.4 (3.43, 5.38) | 6.27 (4.20, 8.35) | 4.16 (2.41, 5.90) | 3.65 (2.32, 4.99) | |
| Types of Cancer (%)d | < .001 | ||||
| Obesity-Related IARC | 9.59 (8.05, 11.14) | 11.47 (8.62, 14.33) | 8.81 (6.56, 11.06) | 9.21 (6.75, 11.67) | |
| Tobacco-Related IARC | 12.04 (10.27, 13.81) | 18.86 (15.34, 22.39) | 12.50 (9.69, 15.30) | 8.40 (5.72, 11.08) | |
| Breast | 15.07 (13.38, 16.75) | 18.37 (15.48, 21.26) | 14.59 (11.3, 17.88) | 13.77 (11.01, 16.54) | |
| Lung | 1.92 (1.27, 2.58) | 1.15 (0.17, 2.13) | 3.26 (1.62, 4.91) | 1.39 (0.52, 2.26) | |
| Colon | 4.95 (3.91, 5.99) | 7.12 (5.03, 9.22) | 5.53 (3.81, 7.26) | 3.49 (2.13, 4.85) | |
| Prostate | 8.56 (7.24, 9.88) | 6.57 (5.08, 8.06) | 10.04 (8.10, 11.99) | 8.52 (6.40, 10.63) | |
| Melanoma | 7.01 (5.53, 8.49) | 5.71 (3.93, 7.49) | 6.96 (4.42, 9.50) | 7.68 (5.24, 10.13) | |
| Leukemia & Lymphoma | 3.33 (2.37, 4.29) | 3.23 (1.60, 4.87) | 3.27 (1.71, 4.83) | 3.41 (2.01, 4.81) | |
| All others | 37.53 (35.21, 39.85) | 27.51 (24.03, 30.98) | 35.03 (30.79, 39.28) | 44.12 (40.00, 48.25) | |
| Education (%) | < .001 | ||||
| <High school | 14.40 (12.30, 16.50) | 34.49 (29.80, 39.18) | 15.86 (12.48, 19.23) | 3.60 (2.30, 4.90) | |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 21.40 (18.98, 23.82) | 26.93 (23.01, 30.85) | 28.33 (23.72, 32.94) | 13.99 (10.86, 17.11) | |
| ≥College or above | 64.20 (60.99, 67.41) | 38.58 (33.24, 43.92) | 55.81 (51.21, 60.41) | 82.41 (79.1, 85.72) | |
| Marital Status (%) | < .001 | ||||
| Married or living with partner | 67.21 (64.54, 69.88) | 46.16 (41.22, 51.11) | 64.99 (60.78, 69.21) | 79.00 (75.33, 82.66) | |
| Smoking status (%) | < .001 | ||||
| Currently smoking | 17.09 (15.09, 19.09) | 28.90 (23.7, 34.09) | 17.23 (13.45, 21.00) | 11.23 (8.34, 14.12) | |
| Health insurance (%) | < .001 | ||||
| Not-covered | 19.86 (16.96, 22.76) | 27.80 (22.46, 33.13) | 22.66 (18.12, 27.21) | 14.08 (11.26, 16.89) | |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | < .001 | ||||
| ≥12 drinks/year | 73.57 (70.93, 76.21) | 62.40 (58.91, 65.9) | 68.90 (64.88, 72.92) | 82.20 (78.91, 85.50) | |
| Body mass index (%) | .061 | ||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 29.98 (27.84, 32.12) | 29.41 (26.07, 32.75) | 28.00 (24.24, 31.76) | 31.60 (27.43, 35.77) | |
| 25 - <30 kg/m2 | 35.13 (32.43, 37.82) | 30.19 (26.28, 34.1) | 37.49 (32.24, 42.73) | 35.94 (31.47, 40.40) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 34.90 (32.75, 37.04) | 40.4 (36.33, 44.47) | 34.51 (30.38, 38.65) | 32.46 (29.21, 35.72) | |
| Walking difficulty score | 1.19 (1.17, 1.21) | 1.38 (1.33, 1.43) | 1.20 (1.16, 1.23) | 1.09 (1.06, 1.11) | < .001 |
| HEI 2015 | 53.11 (52.3, 53.91) | 49.82 (48.58, 51.06) | 52.97 (51.61, 54.34) | 54.76 (53.57, 55.96) | < .001 |
| MVPA levels (%) | < .001 | ||||
| I-MVPA (<150 mins/wk) | 49.45 (47.18, 51.71) | 60.89 (56.74, 65.04) | 55.07 (50.99, 59.14) | 40.04 (36.33, 43.75) | |
| CVD Status (%) | < .001 | ||||
| No-CVD | 83.2 (81.32, 85.09) | 76.01 (72.53, 79.5) | 78.89 (75.39, 82.39) | 89.65 (87.47, 91.83) | |
| Pre-existing CVD | 6.38 (5.39, 7.38) | 8.32 (6.07, 10.56) | 7.84 (5.91, 9.77) | 4.44 (3.02, 5.87) | |
| Post-acquired CVD | 10.42 (8.82, 12.01) | 15.67 (12.42, 18.92) | 13.27 (10.5, 16.04) | 5.91 (4.13, 7.68) | |
Abbreviation: CVD = cardiovascular disease; I-MVPA = insufficient moderate and vigorous-intensity physical activity (<150 minutes of MVPA per week); HEI = healthy eating index
Values are the mean (95% CI) and the percentage (95% CI) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, estimated after accounting for the complex sampling design of the NHANES.
aThe thresholds of poverty-income ratio were 1.72 and 3.71.
b P-value is for the between-group differences estimated from a linear regression model for a continuous variable and Rao-Scott x2 test of independence for a categorical variable.
c Weighted population % indicates the prevalence estimates among US adults aged ≥18 years.
d 1st diagnosed cancer type, if multiple cancers were reported.