Table 1.
Characteristics of Cases With Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Location and Their Respective Age and Sex-Matched General Population Controls
|
Characteristics, No. (%) |
Lobar s-ICH location | Nonlobar s-ICH location | ||||
| Cases (n = 1,040) | Controls (n = 41,651) | ORa (95% CI) | Cases (n = 1,263) | Controls (n = 50,574) | ORa (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 498 (47.9) | 19,955 (47.9) | N/Ab | 684 (54.2) | 27,343 (54.1) | N/Ab |
| Female | 542 (52.1) | 21,696 (52.1) | N/Ab | 579 (45.8) | 23,231 (45.9) | N/Ab |
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 75.2 ± 10.7 | 75.1 ± 10.7 | N/Ab | 73.6 ± 11.4 | 73.5 ± 11.4 | N/Ab |
| Age, categories, y | ||||||
| 50–74 | 485 (46.6) | 19,538 (46.9) | N/Ab | 673 (53.3) | 27,112 (53.6) | N/Ab |
| 75–84 | 356 (34.2) | 14,166 (34.0) | N/Ab | 368 (29.1) | 14,544 (28.8) | N/Ab |
| 85+ | 199 (19.1) | 7,947 (19.1) | N/Ab | 222 (17.6) | 8,918 (17.6) | N/Ab |
| Index year | ||||||
| 2009–2013 | 486 (46.7) | 19,476 (46.8) | N/Ab | 560 (44.3) | 22,450 (44.4) | N/Ab |
| 2014–2018 | 554 (53.3) | 22,175 (53.2) | N/Ab | 703 (55.7) | 28,124 (55.6) | N/Ab |
| 30-d fatality | 328 (31.5) | N/Ac | N/Ac | 389 (30.8) | N/Ac | N/Ac |
| Medication—current used | ||||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 558 (53.7) | 24,102 (57.9) | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | 692 (54.8) | 27,809 (55.0) | 0.70 (0.58–0.83) |
| Statins | 312 (30.0) | 12,114 (29.1) | 1.06 (0.92–1.22) | 370 (29.3) | 14,305 (28.3) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 74 (7.1) | 2,478 (5.9) | 1.19 (0.94–1.52) | 113 (8.9) | 3,063 (6.1) | 1.50 (1.23–1.83) |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 147 (14.1) | 3,282 (7.9) | 1.99 (1.66–2.39) | 136 (10.8) | 3,717 (7.3) | 1.54 (1.28–1.85) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 191 (18.4) | 6,868 (16.5) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 230 (18.2) | 7,807 (15.4) | 1.21 (1.04–1.40) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 31 (3.0) | 1,391 (3.3) | 0.89 (0.62–1.28) | 36 (2.9) | 1,554 (3.1) | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) |
| Hormone replacement therapy (women only) | 44 (4.2) | 1843 (4.4) | 0.97 (0.71–1.32) | 48 (3.8) | 2017 (4.0) | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 678 (65.2) | 26,599 (63.9) | 1.07 (0.93–1.22) | 870 (68.9) | 30,731 (60.8) | 1.50 (1.32–1.71) |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 131 (12.6) | 2063 (5.0) | 2.81 (2.32–3.41) | 181 (14.3) | 2,411 (4.8) | 3.43 (2.90–4.05) |
| Diabetes | 129 (12.4) | 5,243 (12.6) | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 174 (13.8) | 6,305 (12.5) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 33 (3.2) | 1,020 (2.4) | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | 45 (3.6) | 1,069 (2.1) | 1.72 (1.27–2.33) |
| Chronic hepatic disease | 35 (3.4) | 547 (1.3) | 2.63 (1.85–3.72) | 38 (3.0) | 608 (1.2) | 2.55 (1.83–3.56) |
| High alcohol consumption | 68 (6.5) | 1,463 (3.5) | 1.96 (1.52–2.53) | 106 (8.4) | 2000 (4.0) | 2.29 (1.86–2.82) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 318 (30.6) | 12,451 (29.9) | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 409 (32.4) | 14,730 (29.1) | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 183 (17.6) | 6,915 (16.6) | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 193 (15.3) | 8,009 (15.8) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 61 (5.9) | 2074 (5.0) | 1.19 (0.91–1.55) | 82 (6.5) | 2,352 (4.7) | 1.43 (1.14–1.80) |
| Congestive heart failure | 90 (8.7) | 2,486 (6.0) | 1.51 (1.21–1.89) | 83 (6.6) | 2,840 (5.6) | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) |
| Cancer | 188 (18.1) | 6,239 (15.0) | 1.26 (1.07–1.48) | 159 (12.6) | 6,884 (13.6) | 0.91 (0.77–1.08) |
| Dementia | 81 (7.8) | 1,496 (3.6) | 2.38 (1.87–3.04) | 63 (5.0) | 1,580 (3.1) | 1.67 (1.28–2.18) |
| Atrial fibrillatione | 203 (19.5) | 4,675 (11.2) | 2.00 (1.70–2.35) | 259 (20.5) | 5,145 (10.2) | 2.41 (2.08–2.79) |
| Venous thromboembolisme | 56 (5.4) | 1,509 (3.6) | 1.52 (1.15–2.00) | 68 (5.4) | 1767 (3.5) | 1.57 (1.22–2.02) |
| Mechanical heart valvee | 6 (0.6) | 19 (0.0) | 12.88 (5.10–32.52) | 5 (0.4) | 52 (0.1) | 3.86 (1.54–9.66) |
| Gastrointestinal bleede | 100 (9.6) | 2,695 (6.5) | 1.54 (1.25–1.90) | 105 (8.3) | 3,074 (6.1) | 1.40 (1.14–1.72) |
| Coagulopathye | 5 (0.5) | 97 (0.2) | 2.07 (0.84–5.08) | 7 (0.6) | 123 (0.2) | 2.28 (1.06–4.89) |
Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; s-ICH = spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
a
Adjusted for sex, age, and calendar year by design (cases matched to controls on these variables).
b
Not applicable because cases and controls were matched on age, sex, and index year by design.
c
Not applicable—data only apply to cases.
d
Current use of drug defined as most recent prescription supply covering index date or ending up to 30 d before index data.
e
Only included for descriptive purposes, not included in models as covariates.