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. 2024 Jul 5;46(8):285. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02054-8

Table 2.

Physical and chemical parameters of spring water samples

Wet Dry Mean SD Min Max WHO (2011) TS 266 (2005)
pH 9.05 8.11 8.58 0.85 6.35 10.14 7.5 6.5–9.5
WT(°C) 10.64 15.14 12.89 3.39 7.20 19.00
DO (mg/L) 9.82 8.79 9.30 1.18 5.95 13.84
EC (μScm−1) 117.40 147.42 132.41 106.61 28.10 426.70 1500 2500
TDS (mg/L) 96.84 109.82 103.33 92.76 25.40 480.00 600
TA (mg/L) 59.00 61.70 60.35 74.78 10.00 345.00 600
TH (mg/L) 78.10 80.00 79.05 82.12 15.00 411.00 100
NO2-N (mg/L) 0.038 0.045 0.042 0.011 0.01 0.06 0.9 0.5
NO3-N (mg/L) 1.54 1.37 1.46 0.86 0.09 3.52 11.3 50
TP (mg/L) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.55
Ca (mg/L) 29.60 38.93 34.27 35.69 6.17 150.18 75
K (mg/L) 1.31 1.65 1.48 0.88 0.58 3.94 12
Mg (mg/L) 7.71 8.82 8.26 8.88 1.53 35.19 50
Na (mg/L) 10.45 10.27 10.36 7.24 4.49 38.15 200 200
Al (µg/L) 1019 1167 1093 1008 2.11 4716 200
Cr (µg/L) 2.62 3.06 2.84 2.07 1.02 11.41 50 50
Mn (µg/L) 15.53 30.53 23.03 58.51 1.31 267.80 400
Fe (µg/L) 44.39 90.50 67.45 51.76 1.59 236.64 300 200
Co (µg/L) 1.90 1.96 1.93 1.98 1.18 10.71 50
Ni (µg/L) 2.37 3.63 3.00 1.96 1.21 11.86 70
Cu (µg/L) 4.59 14.99 9.79 24.59 0.95 158.33 2000 2000
Zn (µg/L) 123.50 97.59 110.54 109.50 1.28 605.01 3000
As (µg/L) 4.23 3.26 3.75 2.76 0.27 11.87 10 10
Cd (µg/L) 0.77 0.74 0.76 0.35 0.00 2.22 3 5
Pb(µg/L) 2.33 3.16 2.75 1.83 0.55 8.91 10 10