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. 2024 Feb 24;53(8):1875–1885. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-01956-1

Table 3.

Prospective Associations Between Status Hierarchy T1 and Bullying T2

Individual-level Bullying T2
Status Hierarchy – SD-hierarchy Status Hierarchy – Gini-hierarchy
Model 3a Model 3b Model 3c Model 4a Model 4b Model 4c
β (CI) β (CI) β (CI) β (CI) β (CI) β (CI)
Individual-level variables
Bullying T1 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76) 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76) 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76) 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76) 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76) 0.74*** (0.71, 0.76)
Classroom-level variables
Status hierarchy - linear −0.02 (−0.08, 0.05) 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) −0.04 (−0.14, 0.06) 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) 0.02 (−0.25, 0.28) 0.00 (−0.08, 0.09)
Status hierarchy - quadratic −0.11 (−0.28, 0.07) −0.01 (−0.27, 0.25)
Structure of status hierarchy 0.00 (−0.06, 0.07) 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) −0.00 (−0.06, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.06, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.07, 0.06)
Classroom size −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) −0.05 (−0.10, 0.00) −0.05 (−0.11, 0.00) −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01)
Classroom proportion of boys −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04) −0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)
Mean level of popularity 0.02 (−0.05, 0.10) 0.00 (−0.07, 0.08)

Standardized coefficients are presented

p < 0.10. ***p < 0.001