Table 3.

Expression of selected regulatory genes of fatty acid metabolism in three models of complex I inhibition

Gene	MPP		MetR (liver)		MetR (adipose)		Metformin		Mode of action
	FC	p value	FC	p value	FC	p value	FC	p value
BRCA1	[0.29]	1E − 10	—	—	—	—	0.16	2E − 56	Inhibition of ACACA
MID1IP1	5.30	1E − 67	—	—	—	—	2.15	5E − 87	Activation of ACACA
ACACB	[1.77]	5E − 08	0.32	< 0.001	0.86	0.7	0.30	7E − 34	Inhibition of β-oxidation
CD36	[0.71]	0.7	8.30	< 0.001	—	—	[0.56]	0.02	Fatty acid uptake
LDLR	5.33	< 1E − 99	—	—	—	—	2.89	< 1E − 99	Cholesterol and lipid uptake
VLDLR	1.17	0.1	92.78	< 0.001	—	—	[0.43]	1E − 23	Triglyceride uptake
FGF21	[57.74]	2E − 04	16.07	< 0.001	1.84	0.003	[5.61]	0.2	Induction of lipolysis
GDF15	[7.42]	7E − 11	—	—	—	—	9.65	< 1E − 99	Induction of lipolysis

Data for MPP- and metformin-treated cells were derived from RNA sequencing experiments, whereas data for methionine-restricted rats were obtained from manually performed RT-PCR experiments. Statistically significant changes are highlighted in bold; different significance thresholds were applicable in the different experiments as described in the “Methods” section. Brackets denote that the corresponding gene had a low expression level (RPKM < 1), warranting cautious interpretation. FC, fold change; MetR, methionine restriction; —, not available