Table 1.
Metabolic characteristics of the participants divided by degrees of DNA methylation age acceleration from Cohort 1 (n = 95)
| Total | DNA methylation age acceleration | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First tertile (< 4.0 years) | Second tertile (4.0–9.5 years) | Third tertile (≥ 9.5 years) | |||
| No. of participants | 95 | 33 | 32 | 30 | |
| Male, n (%) | 50 (52.6%) | 12 (36.4%) | 21 (65.6%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.098 |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 16 (16.8%) | 4 (12.1%) | 6 (18.8%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0.401 |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 9 (9.5%) | 1 (3.0%) | 3 (9.4%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.067 |
| Chronological age, years | 61.5 ± 8.4 | 63.4 ± 9.3 | 62.4 ± 8.8 | 58.6 ± 6.1 | 0.053 |
| DNA methylation age, years | 67.7 ± 8.0 | 64.4 ± 8.2 | 68.9 ± 8.5a | 70.1 ± 6.1a | 0.011 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 2.4 | 24.1 ± 2.2 | 24.6 ± 2.5 | 23.7 ± 2.6a | 0.349 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 84.0 ± 7.7 | 83.4 ± 7.5 | 86.0 ± 7.4a | 82.6 ± 7.9 | 0.173 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134.1 ± 16.2 | 132.4 ± 13.0 | 134.6 ± 17.8 | 135.5 ± 18.0 | 0.738 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78.2 ± 8.9 | 76.5 ± 9.5 | 79.1 ± 8.9 | 78.9 ± 8.4 | 0.433 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 0.111 |
| OGTT 2-h plasma glucose, mmol/L | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 0.654 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 0.464 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.7 (1.1–2.0) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.4 (1.1–2.2) | 0.732 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.070 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.385 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 0.075 |
| ALT, U/L | 16 (13–23) | 15 (12–21) | 19 (13–25) | 16 (13–22) | 0.118 |
| AST, U/L | 21 (18–24) | 22 (20–25) | 21 (19–23) | 19 (17–22) | 0.145 |
| Liver fat content, % | 4.7 (1.8–11.6) | 3.1 (0.4–9.0) | 4.9 (2.6–13.1) | 7.2 (3.4–13.1)a | 0.019 |
The continuous parameters with normal distribution were presented as the means ± SD, and skewed parameters were presented as the median with the interquartile range (25–75%) given in parentheses
BMI body mass index, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
aP < 0.05 compared with participants with age acceleration < 4 years