Table 1.

Design specifications of backbone CNNs and characteristics of PND-Net.

Backbone CNN characteristics					PND-Net properties
Model name	Design characteristics	Par (M)	Depth	Size (MB)	Depth	Size (MB)
Xception60	Depth-wise separable convolution	22.9	131	85	193	112
ResNet-5061	Residual connections	25.6	174	95	236	122
Inception-V359	Inception module with increased depth	23.9	310	92	372	116
MobileNet-V262	Inverted residual and linear bottleneck	3.5	153	10	215	22