. 2024 Jul 5;14:15543. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66582-0

Table 1.

Setting parameters for the four algorithms.

Algorithms	Setting parameters
COA	Maximum number of iterations = 400
COA	Size of population = 100
WOA	Maximum number of iterations = 400
	Size of population = 100
	$b = 1$
	$S w i t c h i n g p r o b a b i l i t y (p) = 0.5$
SCA	Maximum number of iterations = 400
	Size of population = 100
	$A = 2.0$
	$r_{1} = 0 - 2$
	$r_{2} = R a n d o m (0 - 2 π)$
	$r_{3} = 0 - 2$
GOA	Maximum number of iterations = 400
	Size of population = 100
	$C_{\min} = 0.00004$
	$C_{\max} = 1$