Fig. 7.

AKG pretreatment activates PGC-1α/Nrf2 by regulating AMPK phosphorylation. (A) Western blot image of AMPK and p-AMPK, statistical analysis on the relative protein content of (B) p-AMPK/AMPK and (C) p-AMPK in mouse liver, (D) Western blot image of AMPK and p-AMPK, statistical analysis on the relative protein levels of (E) p-AMPK/AMPK and (F) p-AMPK in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with or without AMPK inhibitor Compound C (10 μM) before adding AKG (25 μM) for 1h. (G) Western blot image and (H) Statistical analysis on PGC-1α, Nrf2, ACC. (I) Relative T-CHO, (J) Relative TG, (K) Relative ROS in HepG2 cells that inhibited AMPK phosphorylation. The values are means ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.