Figure 4. Risk of 13 Obesity-Associated Cancers Among Patients Receiving Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) vs Those Receiving Metformin .

Patients were followed up for as long as 15 years after the index event for both groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model with censoring applied. Overall risk equals the number of patients with outcomes during the follow-up time window divided by the number of patients in the group at the beginning of the time window. For each outcome, the groups were separately propensity-score matched for covariates related to the outcome, and the outcome was compared between the matched groups. Each eligible individual was followed up from the index event until the occurrence of the outcomes, death, loss to follow-up, or 15 years after the index event, whichever occurred first.