APPENDIX TABLE 1.

Disabling infant health conditions (primary measure)

Explicit response choices (1, 3 or 5 years) * Sickle cell anemia (5 years only) Cerebral palsy Deaf—total or partial Blind—total or partial Autism (5 years only) Down syndrome Verbatim responses (1 or 3 years) Born without ear canal Brachial plexus injury left arm Breathing problem, laryngomalacia Chronic lung disease Cleft lip and palate Club foot Encephalitis Epilepsy Eye impairment Fingers not developed on left hand Hole in heart Leukomalacia, will walk late, trouble with right arm Mass tumor on spine Metabolic problem Microtia with torn ear Neurological disorder Open heart surgery Pain in shins and knees (possible spina bifida) Problem with the hips (go out) Severe brain damage Tumor in airway

^*The survey question that was asked at 1 and 3 years was “Does (CHILD) have any physical disabilities?” If the mother responded “yes” to that question she was then asked “What type(s) of physical disability does (he/she) have?” For the second question, the mother was read a list of specific conditions (explicit response choices) and was also given an “other (specify)” option. When the “other (specify)” option was used, the mother’s verbatim responses were recorded. The survey question at 5 years was somewhat different; the mother was asked whether a doctor or health professional had ever told her that the child has any of an explicit set of specific health conditions, with no opportunity to name conditions not listed. Children whose mothers reported that they had any of the conditions listed above were coded as having a disabling infant health condition.