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. 2024 Jul 2;19:1561–1578. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S458324

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© 2024 Koopman et al.

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Heterogeneity of lung function impairment in patients with COPD.

Notes: The panels were generated using Viscovery (Viscovery Software GmbH, Vienna, Austria). The Viscovery program placed all patients in a specific position on the map based on their profile of a comprehensive lung function assessment. When looking at the different lung function attributes, patients appear red on the chart when the attribute is relatively high within this sample, appear green if the attribute is moderate and appear blue when the attribute is relatively low within this sample. The more patients show resemblance in terms of their overall lung function, the closer they are on the map. By drawing lines on the map, the Viscovery program could identify eight different clusters of patients with COPD with significantly different lung function profile. AL+: airflow limitation (FEV1 <60% predicted); EMF+: emphysema (KCO < 60% predicted); LH+: lung hyperinflation (RV >120% predicted); -: not fulfilling any of these criteria for severity of lung function impairment (neither airflow limitation, emphysema or lung hyperinflation).