Comparison 1. Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision versus after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (maternal outcomes).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Composite morbidity (as defined by trials)	10	5041	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.45, 0.72]
1.1 Cephalosporin 1 g	5	2144	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.35, 0.86]
1.2 Cephalosporin 2 g	5	2897	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.43, 0.76]
2 Endomyometritis	10	5041	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.54 [0.36, 0.79]
2.1 Cephalosporin 1 g	5	2144	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.30, 1.12]
2.2 Cephalosporin 2 g	5	2897	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.32, 0.83]
3 Wound infection	10	5041	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.44, 0.81]
3.1 Cephalosporin 1 g	5	2144	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.30, 1.01]
3.2 Cephalosporin 2 g	5	2897	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.61 [0.43, 0.88]
4 UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis	8	4001	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.65, 1.59]
5 Pelvic abscess	1	741	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.06, 15.97]
6 Respiratory infection (pneumonia)	4	1849	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.30 [0.34, 15.45]
7 Hospital length of stay (days)	2	1342	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.17 [‐0.30, ‐0.04]
8 Febrile Illness	4	2650	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.63, 1.35]