TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics
| Overall | European (EUR) | African (AFR) | Hispanic (HIS) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 98,361 | 74,320 | 16,045 | 7996 |
| Duration of follow-up (median [IQR]) | 11.3 [6.7–15.9] | 11.4 [6.8–15.9] | 10.8 [6.2–16.0] | 11.3 [6.7–16.0] |
| Observations (median [IQR]) | 19 [12–29] | 19 [12–29] | 20 [13–30] | 18 [12–28] |
| Age at entry (median [IQR]) | 58.0 [52.0–63.0] | 58.0 [53.0–64.0] | 55.0 [49.0–60.0] | 55.0 [50.0–61.0] |
| FIB4 baseline <1.30, N (%) | 71,750 (72.9) | 53,675 (72.2) | 12,279 (76.5) | 5796 (72.5) |
| Gender = male, N (%) | 88,765 (90.2) | 67,559 (90.9) | 13,806 (86.0) | 7400 (92.5) |
| Body mass index (median [IQR]) | 33.3 [30.0–37.5] | 33.4 [30.0–37.7] | 33.1 [29.8–37.1] | 33.1 [29.9–36.8] |
| BMI class, N (%) | ||||
| Ideal | 3478 (3.6) | 2597 (3.5) | 637 (4.0) | 244 (3.1) |
| Underweight | 586 (0.6) | 410 (0.6) | 149 (0.9) | 27 (0.3) |
| Overweight | 42,466 (43.7) | 31,887 (43.4) | 7035 (44.3) | 3544 (44.8) |
| Class 1 obesity | 15,774 (16.2) | 11,715 (15.9) | 2635 (16.6) | 1424 (18.0) |
| Class 2 obesity | 20,333 (20.9) | 15,392 (20.9) | 3288 (20.7) | 1653 (20.9) |
| Class 3 obesity | 14,624 (15.0) | 11,470 (15.6) | 2127 (13.4) | 1027 (13.0) |
| Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (median [IQR]) | 5.0 [5.0–5.0] | 5.0 [5.0–5.0] | 5.0 [5.0–5.0] | 5.0 [5.0–5.0] |
| Child-Turcotte-Pugh class, N (%) | ||||
| A | 94,105 (95.7) | 70,958 (95.5) | 15,357 (95.7) | 7790 (97.4) |
| B | 4224 (4.3) | 3,338 (4.5) | 680 (4.2) | 206 (2.6) |
| C | 32 (0.0) | 24 (0.0) | 8 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| AUDIT-C 1-3 (some alcohol use), N (%) | 49,648 (50.5) | 37,768 (50.8) | 7862 (49.0) | 4018 (50.3) |
| Ascites at baseline, N (%) | 142 (0.1) | 98 (0.1) | 33 (0.2) | 11 (0.1) |
| HE at baseline, N (%) | 219 (0.2) | 140 (0.2) | 57 (0.4) | 22 (0.3) |
| Baseline laboratory tests | ||||
| Serum AFP, ng/mL (median [IQR]) | 2.9 [2.0–4.2] | 2.9 [2.0–4.2] | 2.9 [2.0–4.2] | 2.9 [2.0–4.2] |
| Serum albumin, g/dL (median [IQR]) | 4.1 [3.9–4.4] | 4.1 [3.9–4.4] | 4.1 [3.8–4.3] | 4.2 [3.9–4.4] |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL (median [IQR]) | 0.6 [0.4–0.8] | 0.6 [0.4–0.8] | 0.6 [0.4–0.8] | 0.6 [0.5–0.8] |
| Platelet count, k/μL (median [IQR]) | 227.0 [191.0–268.0] | 226.0 [190.0–267.0] | 232.5 [195.0–276.0] | 227.0 [191.0–268.0] |
| MELD-Na score (median [IQR]) | 6.0 [6.0–9.0] | 6.0 [6.0–8.0] | 6.0 [6.0–9.0] | 6.0 [6.0–8.0] |
| AST, U/mL (median [IQR]) | 31.0 [25.0–38.7] | 31.0 [25.0–38.0] | 32.0 [26.0–40.0] | 32.5 [26.7–41.0] |
| ALT U/mL (median [IQR]) | 44.5 [39.5–53.5] | 44.8 [40.0–53.5] | 43.7 [38.0–52.0] | 46.0 [40.0–57.0] |
| HBA1c, % (median [IQR]) | 6.1 [5.7–7.1] | 6.1 [5.6–7.1] | 6.2 [5.7–7.2] | 6.2 [5.7–7.3] |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL (median [IQR]) | 175.0 [149.0–204.0] | 174.1 [148.5–203.0] | 176.5 [149.0–206.0] | 178.0 [151.5–206.0] |
| Serum triglycerides, mg/dL (median [IQR]) | 147.0 [102.0–217.5] | 152.0 [106.0–224.0] | 124.0 [87.0–181.0] | 154.0 [106.0–223.5] |
| Chronic kidney disease, N (%) | 4427 (4.5) | 3379 (4.5) | 811 (5.1) | 237 (3.0) |
| Coronary artery disease, N (%) | 21,570 (21.9) | 17,733 (23.9) | 2558 (15.9) | 1279 (16.0) |
| Diabetes, on entry, N (%) | 72,226 (73.4) | 54,244 (73.0) | 12,031 (75.0) | 5951 (74.4) |
| Metformin utilization on entry, N (%) | 17,156 (17.4) | 12,771 (17.2) | 2639 (16.4) | 1746 (21.8) |
| Insulin utilization on entry, N (%) | 7945 (8.1) | 5701 (7.7) | 1544 (9.6) | 700 (8.8) |
| Sulfonylurea utilization on entry, N (%) | 11,490 (11.7) | 8495 (11.4) | 1851 (11.5) | 1144 (14.3) |
| Thiazolidinediones utilization on entry, N (%) | 1402 (1.4) | 1092 (1.5) | 189 (1.2) | 121 (1.5) |
| SGLT2i utilization on entry, N (%) | 103 (0.1) | 76 (0.1) | 22 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) |
| GLP1RA utilization on entry, N (%) | 218 (0.2) | 169 (0.2) | 34 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) |
| DPP4 utilization on entry, N (%) | 446 (0.5) | 310 (0.4) | 96 (0.6) | 40 (0.5) |
| Statin utilization on entry (%) | 46,603 (47.4) | 36,612 (49.3) | 6746 (42.0) | 3245 (40.6) |
| Fibrate utilization on entry, N (%) | 5231 (5.3) | 4539 (6.1) | 310 (1.9) | 382 (4.8) |
Abbreviations: AFP, alfafetoprotein; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; FIB4, Fibrosis-4; HBA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MELD-Na, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium.