Table 4.

Modified Iqbal's instructions [2, 11-13, 20, 21] as anti-computer vision syndrome measures

Anti-CVS measures
Screen-time instructions	Screen-style instructions	Eye-style and life-style instructions
-Minimize your screen time -One screen hour daily is ideal -Try not to exceed two screen hours daily -Focus your screen hours to accomplish your necessary assignments -Specify one place only, e.g., home or college, to accomplish your assignments	-Shift from hand-held to non-hand-held screens -Shift from small-sized to large-sized screens -Shift from old to new screen versions -Shift from screens to books for your studies -Print the necessary PDF or word files for your studies -Use speech recognition instead of typing	-Wear your spectacles while watching screens -Avoid/limit contact lens wearing -Treat eye diseases, such as dry eye, with necessary medication
-Desktop computer or laptop is preferred -Avoid using smartphone to complete your assignments -Daytime screen hours are preferred to nighttime screen hours	-Shift from other screens to TV screens to attend/watch necessary online courses, videos, meetings, lectures, and educational programs -Connect TV screens to internet and watch your desired movies, series, and applications -The proper distance for watching TV is 4–6 meters	-Avoid taking your smartphone to bed at night when you are going to sleep
-Avoid or limit video calls -Use regular audio calls -Try to limit smartphone to audio calls and use other screens for video calls -Uninstall the unnecessary applications in your smartphone and other devices -Minimize your social media time	-Avoid the following risk factors that aggravate your symptoms: Poor screen resolution or design Screen glare Screen surface at/above horizontal eye level Close eye-to-screen distance Poor lighting conditions Watching screens in the dark uncomfortable sitting postures Small font size Texting with both thumbs	-Allocate more time for sports -Try to lose weight if you are overweight -Try to improve your social life, family relationships, and gain more friends -Increase interest in non-screen hobbies, e.g., diving -Join community organizations, public services, or social groups, e.g., traveling groups
-Avoid continuous screen watching, take breaks, and apply the 20-20-20 rule	-Adjust screen brightness to the minimum possible -Try not to exceed 50% screen brightness -Use smartphone holder instead of your hands	-Adjust the indoor and outdoor light source to be above or behind your eyes

Abbreviations: CVS, computer vision syndrome.