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. 2024 Jul 6;15:199. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-03817-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Advantages of m-NG2/_BMMSCs over parental m-_BMMSCs in promoting endogenous bile duct repair and improving functions in a DEN-induced mouse model four weeks after cell transplantation. (Aa-e) IF staining for CK7 (green) and CK19 (red) in naive (a) and DEN-treated (b) livers and quantification of CK7 (c) and CK19 (d) expression. RT‒qPCR analysis of the mRNA expression showed a similar trend (e); n = 6/group. (Ba-c) IF staining for CK7 (green) and CK19 (red) in DEN-treated (+ PBS) and m-_BMMSC-treated livers (a) and was quantified (b, c, boxes), n = 6/group. (Ca-c) The same staining procedure was used for comparisons of m-_BMMSC- and m-NG2/_BMMSC-treated livers (a), and the results were quantified (b, c, boxes); n = 6/group. (D) RT‒qPCR analysis of the expression of the ck7 and ck19 genes in the subgroups; n = 3. (Ea-f) IF staining for ɑ-SMA expression (red) in the liver according to subgroups (a-c) and analyses at both the protein (d, e) and mRNA (f) levels; n = 6/per group. (F) The serum levels of TBIL, ALP, ALT and AST in the subgroups were measured with a Beckman Coulter Chemistry Analyzer (n = 3/set). The data are presented as the means ± SDs from several independent experiments. Scale bar = 200 μm. A, *#p < 0.05 compared with naive; B, #p < 0.05 compared with DEN (+ PBS); C, *p < 0.05 compared with m-_BMMSCs; D, #*p < 0.05 compared with DEN or m-_BMMSCs; E, #*p < 0.05 compared with DEN or m-_BMMSCs; F, #*p < 0.05 compared with DEN or m-_BMMSCs