Table 3.
Association between ESR and CRP and blood pressure, lipid profile, obesity and insulin resistance parameters at enrolment in men and women with axSpA
| CV risk features | Sex | CRP at the time of enrolment, β (p) | ESR at the time of enrolment, β (p) | ||||||
| Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||||
| β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value* | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value* | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Men | 0.03 (−0.09 to 0.2) | 0.597 | 0.002 (−0.08 to 0.08) | 0.946 | ||||
| Women | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5) | 0.262 | 0.1 (−0.02 to 0.3) | 0.080 | −0.05 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 0.552 | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Men | −0.02 (−0.1 to 0.07) | 0.715 | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.03) | 0.475 | ||||
| Women | 0.2 (0.05 to 0.4) | 0.011† | 0.2 (−0.01 to 0.4) | 0.052 | 0.07 (−0.03 to 0.2) | 0.191 | 0.01 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.843 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | −0.2 (−0.50 to 0.08) | 0.16 | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1) | 0.19 | 0.04 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.65 | ||
| Women | −0.4 (−0.9 to 0.3) | 0.25 | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.45 | |||||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.207 | 0.04 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.603 | ||||
| Women | −0.2 (−0.7 to 0.3) | 0.472 | −0.07 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 0.957 | |||||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | −0.2 (−0.3 to −0.06) | 0.001† | −1.2 (−0.3 to −0.07) | 0.001* | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) | 0.371 | ||
| Women | −0.07 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.667 | −0.1 (−3 to 0.03) | 0.105 | −0.08 (−2 to 0.1) | 0.375 | |||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | Men | −0.04 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 0.751 | 0.3 (−0.06 to 0.7) | 0.103 | 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.8) | 0.449 | ||
| Women | 0.6 (0.2 to 1) | 0.002† | 1 (−0.3 to 2.2) | 0.126 | 0.6 (0.2 to 1) | 0.005† | 0.6 (0.04 to 1) | 0.035* | |
| Atherogenic index | Men | 0.0004 (−0.003 to 0.004) | 0.853 | 0.0003 (−0.005 to 0.006) | 0.911 | ||||
| Women | 0.005 (0.004 to 0.1) | 0.036† | −0.004 (−0.02 to 0.1) | 0.664 | 0.01 (0.0004 to 0.1) | 0.036† | 0.01 (−0.002 to 0.02) | 0.129 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Men | 0.03 (−0.00 to 0.06) | 0.075 | 0.12 (0.01 to 0.22) | 0.058 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) | 0.381 | ||
| Women | 0.2 (0.07 to 0.3) | <0.001† | 0.1 (0.006 to 0.2) | 0.038* | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 0.140 | 0.03 (−0.04 to 0.1) | 0.36 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Men | 0.1 (0.05 to 0.2) | 0.003† | 0.1 (0.02 to 0.2) | 0.021* | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.1) | 0.180 | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.1) | 0.50 |
| Women | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.001† | 0.2 (−0.02 to 0.5) | 0.073 | 0.1 (−0.03 to 0.2) | 0.133 | 0.02 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.74 | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | Men | −0.05 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 0.652 | 0.03 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.650 | ||||
| Women | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.8) | 0.149 | 0.4 (−0.2 to 0.9) | 0.222 | −0.06 (−0.3 to 0.1) | 0.541 | |||
| Insulin (U/mL) | Men | −0.06 (−0.5 to 0.4) | 0.754 | −0.08 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.632 | ||||
| Women | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.8) | 0.232 | 0.1 (−0.07 to 0.3) | 0.228 | |||||
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | Men | 0.02 (−0.006 to 0.04) | 0.144 | 0.01(−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.457 | 0.001 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.874 | ||
| Women | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.1) | 0.008† | 0.06 (0.01 to 0.1) | 0.027* | 0.02 (0.002 to 0.03) | 0.030† | 0.007 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.42 | |
| HOMA2-IR, % | Men | 0.001 (−0.03 to 0.03) | 0.922 | −0.005 (−0.03 to 0.02) | 0.675 | ||||
| Women | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.09) | 0.049† | 0.04 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 0.100 | 0.01 (−0.009 to 0.03) | 0.251 | |||
| HOMA2-S, % | Men | −0.6 (−2 to 1) | 0.509 | −0.3 (−2 to 1) | 0.656 | ||||
| Women | −3 (−6 to 0.07) | 0.056 | −2.6 (−5.9 to 0.8) | 0.129 | −1 (−3 to 0.3) | 0.112 | −0.8 (−2.5 to 1) | 0.381 | |
| QUICKI | Men | −0.000 (−0.001 to 0.000) | 0.674 | −0.0001 (−0.0006 to 0.0004) | 0.61 | ||||
| Women | −0.001 (−0.003 to 0.001) | 0.087 | −0.002 (−0.004 to 0.001) | 0.146 | −0.0005 (−0.001 to 0.0002) | 0.15 | −0.0002 (−0.001 to 0.0004) | 0.449 | |
| TyG index | Men | −0.002 (−0.005 to 0.0007) | 0.13 | −0.003 (−0.006 to 0.001) | 0.17 | −0.0001 (−0.002 to 0.002) | 0.93 | ||
| Women | 0.02 (0.005 to 0.03) | 0.003 | 0.009 (−0.005 to 0.02) | 0.20 | 0.004 (−0.0003 to 0.009) | 0.069 | 0.005 (−0.0007 to 0.01) | 0.081 | |
Values in bold meant that the differences were statistically significant.
*Adjusted for confounding factors (age, smoking, statins, TNF-inhibitors, DMARDs, NSAIDs, disease duration, age at diagnosis, r-axSpA/nr-axSpA ratio.
†P<0.05. Columns are independent variables and row are the dependent. Adjustment is only performed for univariable relations who had a p value inferior to 0.20.
axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; CRP, C reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; DMARDS, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; HOMA2-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA2-S, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; nr-axSpA, non-radiographic ankylosing spondylitis; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; QUICKI, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; r-axSpA, radiological definitions of axSpA; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TyG, triglyceride-glucose.