Table 5.
Association between BASMI and BASFI with blood pressure, lipid profile, obesity and insulin resistance parameters at enrolment in men and women with axSpA
| CV risk features | Sex | BASMI, β (p) | BASFI, β (p) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
| β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value* | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value | β coefficient (95% CI) | P value* | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Men | 2 (1 to 2) | <0.001† | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1) | 0.178 | 1 (0.6 to 2) | <0.001† | 0.6 (0.06 to 1) | 0.03† |
| Women | 3 (2 to 4) | <0.001† | 0.5 (−1 to 2) | 0.502 | 2 (1 to 3) | <0.001† | 0.7 (−0.3 to 2) | 0.180 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | Men | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.8) | 0.176 | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3) | 0.293 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1) | <0.001† | 0.6 (0.2 to 1) | 0.002† |
| Women | 0.2 (−0.5 to 1) | 0.514 | 0.5 (0.03 to 1) | 0.036† | 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.8) | 0.492 | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | 3 (−0.3 to 5) | 0.077 | 0.3 (−3 to 4) | 0.88 | 1 (−0.09 to 2) | 0.069 | 1 (−0.4 to 2) | 0.17 |
| Women | 0.4 (−1 to 2) | 0.64 | 1 (−0.6 to 3) | 0.17 | 0.5 (−2 to 3) | 0.68 | |||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | −0.2 (−2 to 1) | 0.765 | 0.8 (−0.3 to 2) | 0.141 | 0.8 (−0.4 to 2) | 0.209 | ||
| Women | 3 (0.6 to 6) | 0.015† | 1 (−2 to 4) | 0.433 | 0.4 (−1 to 2) | 0.640 | |||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | Men | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.2) | 0.242 | −0.6 (−1 to −0.2) | 0.008† | −0.6 (−1 to −0.1) | 0.013† | ||
| Women | −1 (−2 to 0.4) | 0.175 | −1 (−3 to 0.6) | 0.191 | −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.5) | 0.341 | |||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | Men | 3 (−1 to 6.45) | 0.166 | 1 (−4 to 6) | 0.649 | 3 (0.6 to 6) | 0.018† | 2 (−0.9 to 6) | 0.152 |
| Women | 6 (1 to 11) | 0.017† | 3 (−3 to 10) | 0.288 | 6 (3 to 9) | <0.001† | 5 (0.7 to 9) | 0.020 | |
| Atherogenic index | Men | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) | 0.185 | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.1) | 0.220 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.1) | <0.001† | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.1) | 0.001† |
| Women | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.2) | 0.029† | 0.04 (−0.05 to 0.1) | 0.394 | 0.6 (0.01 to 0.1) | 0.010† | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.1) | 0.170 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Men | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | <0.001† | 0.2 (0.02 to 0.5) | 0.030† | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | <0.001† | 0.3 (0.09 to 0.4) | 0.002† |
| Women | 0.5 (0.1 to 1) | 0.016† | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.9) | 0.220 | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | <0.001† | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.009 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Men | 2 (1 to 2) | <0.001† | 1 (0.6 to 2) | <0.001† | 1 (0.8 to 2) | <0.001† | 0.8 (0.4 to 1) | 0.001* |
| Women | 3 (2 to 4) | <0.001† | 2 (0.6 to 3) | 0.003† | 2 (1 to 2) | <0.001† | 1 (0.4 to 2) | 0.003 | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | Men | 3 (2 to 5) | <0.001† | 2 (0.5 to 4) | 0.015† | 1.60 (0.40 to 2.80) | 0.009† | 1 (−0.4 to 3) | 0.162 |
| Women | 2 (0.4 to 4) | 0.016† | 3 (0.4 to 5) | 0.022† | 0.71 (−0.41 to 1.83) | 0.211 | |||
| Insulin (U/mL) | Men | 2 (−0.3 to 5) | 0.080 | 0.9 (−2 to 4) | 0.566 | 1.42 (−0.58 to 3.42) | 0.163 | 1 (−1 to 4) | 0.375 |
| Women | 1 (−1 to 3) | 0.166 | 0.9 (−2 to 3) | 0.463 | 1.22 (0.08 to 2.36) | 0.036† | 1 (−0.5 to 3) | 0.179 | |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | Men | 0.2 (0.07 to 0.4) | 0.004† | 0.1 (−0.08 to 0.3) | 0.225 | 0.13 (−0.001 to 0.26) | 0.051 | 0.1 (−0.05 to 0.3) | 0.204 |
| Women | 0.3 (0.07 to 0.5) | 0.009† | 0.09 (−0.2 to 0.4) | 0.499 | 0.18 (0.04 to 0.32) | 0.010† | 0.04 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.616 | |
| HOMA2-IR, % | Men | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | <0.001† | 0.3 (0.03 to 0.5) | 0.026† | 0.16 (0.02 to 0.31) | 0.022† | 0.08 (−0.09 to 0.2) | 0.382 |
| Women | 0.1 (−0.05 to 0.3) | 0.189 | 0.05 (−0.2 to 0.3) | 0.668 | 0.07 (−0.04 to 0.18) | 0.193 | 0.03 (−0.1 to 0.2) | 0.670 | |
| HOMA2-S, % | Men | −12 (−23 to −2) | 0.017 | −5 (−18 to 9) | 0.490 | −10.38 (−18.72 to −2.04) | 0.015† | −6 (−17 to 4) | 0.235 |
| Women | −5 (−15 to 5) | 0.363 | −2.63 (−9.47 to 4.20) | 0.447 | |||||
| QUICKI | Men | −0.01 (−0.1 to −0.05) | 0.001† | −0.005 (−0.01 to 0.004) | 0.072 | −0.05 (−0.01 to −0.002) | 0.002† | −0.02 (−0.006 to 0.002) | 0.247 |
| Women | −0.01 (−0.01 to 0.0001) | 0.062 | −0.1 (−0.02 to 0.001) | 0.076 | −0.03 (−0.007 to 0.001) | 0.141 | −0.003 (−0.009 to 0.003) | 0.263 | |
| TyG index | Men | 0.02 (0.003 to 0.04) | 0.022† | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.003 | 0.009 (−0.007 to 0.03) | 0.26 | ||
| Women | 0.008 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.61 | 0.02 (−0.007 to 0.04) | 0.18 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.38 | |||
*Adjusted for confounding factors (age, smoking, statins, TNF-inhibitors, DMARDs, NSAIDs, disease duration, age at diagnosis, r-axSpA/n r-axSpA ratio.
†P<0.05. Columns are independent variables and row are the dependent. Adjustment is only performed for univariable relations who had a p value inferior to 0.20.
axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; CV, cardiovascular; HOMA2-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA2-S, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity; nr-axSpA, non-radiographic axSpA ; QUICKI, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TyG, triglyceride-glucose.