Table 4. Comparison of surgical outcomes between laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy in the late phase.

Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).

LN, lymph node; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; BCL, biochemical leak; CR-POPF, clinically relevant POPF; PPH, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage.

^a)Fisher exact test.